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Title: A coupled hydrodynamic modeling system for PHAILIN cyclone in the Bay of Bengal.
Creator: Jose, Felix, Murty, P.L.N., Sandhya, K.G., Bhaskaran, Prasad, Gayathri, Reghu, "Balakrishnan Nair, Thayannur Mullachery ", Kumar, T. Srinivasa, Shenoi, S.S.C.
Abstract / Description: East coast of India is characterized by low to medium topography and an extensive network of major estuaries, bays, mangrove creeks, rivers and tidal inlets that permit inland flooding during tropical cyclones. A coupled wave + surge hydrodynamic modeling system (ADCIRC + SWAN) is implemented to simulate storm surge, still water level elevation and wave induced setup associated with ‘Phailin’, a very severe cyclonic storm that made landfall in the Odisha State, east coast of India, during...
Show moreEast coast of India is characterized by low to medium topography and an extensive network of major estuaries, bays, mangrove creeks, rivers and tidal inlets that permit inland flooding during tropical cyclones. A coupled wave + surge hydrodynamic modeling system (ADCIRC + SWAN) is implemented to simulate storm surge, still water level elevation and wave induced setup associated with ‘Phailin’, a very severe cyclonic storm that made landfall in the Odisha State, east coast of India, during October, 2013. The coupled model provides a realistic description on the dynamic interaction of tides, wind, waves and currents, which is critical for operational needs. The study assesses the role of wave-induced setup on the net water level elevation using time varying wave radiation stress that is dynamically updated in the coupled model run. Numerical experiments are carried out for both storm surge alone and coupled mode versions. Dependent upon complex bathymetry and coastal geometry, inclusion of wave-induced setup in coupled runs results in an additional 23–36% increase of peak surge relative to an uncoupled, surge-tide simulation. The significant wave height from coupled model also shows an excellent match with observed wave heights from a wave-rider buoy located off the Odisha coast. The comparison of surge residuals between model and observation also exhibits a good match. The study highlights the importance of having a coupled wave-hydrodynamic model for operational needs in the north Indian Ocean.
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Date Issued: 2014-11-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000946
Format: Citation

Title: A multivariate assessment of the coral ecosystem health of two embayments on the lee of the island of Hawai‘i.
Creator: Parsons, Michael, Walsh, William J., Settlemier, Chelsie J., White, Darla J., Ballauer, Josh M., Ayotte, Paula M., Osada, Kara M., Carman, Brent
Abstract / Description: Four coral-dominated coastal sites within two embayments (Kealakekua Bay and Honokōhau Bay) on the lee of the island of Hawai‘i were studied to assess evidence of anthropogenic impacts in these relatively pristine locales. Nutrient-loading parameters were analyzed in relation to benthic composition data. Statistically, there were significant positive relationships between nitrate + nitrite, silicate, and ammonium with the abundance of macroalgae, coralline algae, and dead coral, and between...
Show moreFour coral-dominated coastal sites within two embayments (Kealakekua Bay and Honokōhau Bay) on the lee of the island of Hawai‘i were studied to assess evidence of anthropogenic impacts in these relatively pristine locales. Nutrient-loading parameters were analyzed in relation to benthic composition data. Statistically, there were significant positive relationships between nitrate + nitrite, silicate, and ammonium with the abundance of macroalgae, coralline algae, and dead coral, and between δ15N and dead coral abundance. The north outside site of Kealakekua Bay and the south outside site of Honokōhau Bay appear to be most impacted by nutrient-loading factors in each bay, respectively. Comparisons with past nutrient data indicate that nutrient inputs have increased to the two bays, and that early impacts of these increased loadings are evident. It is predicted that at current nutrient-loading rates, the north sites of Kealakekua Bay and the south sites of Honokōhau Bay will exhibit evidence of further degradation in future years.
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Date Issued: 2008-06-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_001035
Format: Citation

Title: A Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Effects of Methylmercury on Great Egrets and Bald Eagles Foraging at a Constructed Wetland in South Florida Relative to the Everglades.
Creator: Rumbold, Darren
Abstract / Description: This case study summarizes an assessment of risk of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure to fish–eating birds foraging at Stormwater Treatment Area–2 (STA–2). This assessment was required as a special condition for a permit modification authorizing flow–through operation of STA–2 Cell 1 without it first satisfying formal mercury start–up criteria. The assessment estimates the risks posed by MeHg to the great egret (Ardea albus) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Exposure models were...
Show moreThis case study summarizes an assessment of risk of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure to fish–eating birds foraging at Stormwater Treatment Area–2 (STA–2). This assessment was required as a special condition for a permit modification authorizing flow–through operation of STA–2 Cell 1 without it first satisfying formal mercury start–up criteria. The assessment estimates the risks posed by MeHg to the great egret (Ardea albus) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Exposure models were based on literature–derived life history parameters combined with site–specific MeHg concentrations in water, sediment, and fish. To assess risk, daily MeHg intake by females and cumulative MeHg consumed by nestlings were compared to literature–derived effects thresholds. The results indicated the likelihood was low that MeHg exposures to birds foraging throughout STA–2 would exceed effects thresholds at the time of this assessment. Birds foraging exclusively from Cell 1 or the small discharge canal were predicted to experience greater exposures and could be at potential risk. However, this worst–case risk was comparable or lower than risk levels encountered in nearby water conservation areas or the Everglades National Park.
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Date Issued: 2007-01-18
Identifier: fgcu_ir_001059
Format: Citation

Title: A survey of epiphytic dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of the island of Hawai‘i.
Creator: Parsons, Michael, Preskitt, Linda B.
Abstract / Description: Three hundred and sixty-nine macroalgal and non-algal samples were collected from six coastal sites around the island of Hawai‘i on a biweekly basis over a 1-year period to ascertain (1) the presence of potentially toxigenic benthic dinoflagellates, and (2) substrate and environmental preferences of the dinoflagellates. Twenty-six genera/species of dinoflagellates were encountered including the (potentially) toxigenic species Amphidinium sp., Coolia monotis, Gambierdiscus sp., Ostreopsis...
Show moreThree hundred and sixty-nine macroalgal and non-algal samples were collected from six coastal sites around the island of Hawai‘i on a biweekly basis over a 1-year period to ascertain (1) the presence of potentially toxigenic benthic dinoflagellates, and (2) substrate and environmental preferences of the dinoflagellates. Twenty-six genera/species of dinoflagellates were encountered including the (potentially) toxigenic species Amphidinium sp., Coolia monotis, Gambierdiscus sp., Ostreopsis ovata, Prorocentrum concavum, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum, Prorocentrum lima, and Prorocentrum mexicanum. Twenty of the species are being reported for the first time as present in Hawaiian coastal waters. There was some evidence of macroalgal host preference (e.g., C. monotis on Tolypiocladia glomerulata), although host morphology preferences was greater (e.g., Gambierdiscus sp., and P. lima on filamentous turfs; O. sp. 1 on sheet-like macroblades). While some dinoflagellate groups were significantly correlated with nutrient concentrations (e.g., total dinoflagellates with nitrate + nitrite and phosphate concentrations), others were not (e.g., Gambierdiscus sp., Prorocentrum emarginatum, P. lima, and Sinophysis microcephalus). The presence of several potentially toxigenic dinoflagellate species in Hawai‘i merits future study on possible impacts of these dinoflagellates on coastal food webs and human health.
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Date Issued: 2007-10-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_001036
Format: Citation

Title: Acute response of the estuarine crab Eurypanopeus depressus to salinity and desiccation stress.
Creator: Tolley, Gregory, Van Horn, Julie
Abstract / Description: Hemolymph osmolality changes following exposure to abrupt salinity change in the range of 5–40 ppt (T 5 26uC, full air saturation) and upon exposure to air (T 5 23uC, r.h. 5 30%) were investigated in the flatback mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith, 1869), a dominant species on oyster reefs in Southwest Florida. During salinity trials, hemolymph osmolality of E. depressus ranged from 751 6 123 mOsmol kg21 at 5 ppt (214 6 32 mOsmol kg21) to 1188 6 81 mOsmol kg21 at 40 ppt (1188 6 29 mOsmol...
Show moreHemolymph osmolality changes following exposure to abrupt salinity change in the range of 5–40 ppt (T 5 26uC, full air saturation) and upon exposure to air (T 5 23uC, r.h. 5 30%) were investigated in the flatback mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith, 1869), a dominant species on oyster reefs in Southwest Florida. During salinity trials, hemolymph osmolality of E. depressus ranged from 751 6 123 mOsmol kg21 at 5 ppt (214 6 32 mOsmol kg21) to 1188 6 81 mOsmol kg21 at 40 ppt (1188 6 29 mOsmol kg21). In the salinity range of 5–15 ppt E. depressus exhibited a hyperosmotic pattern of osmoregulation while at 30 and 40 ppt it conformed. In all cases stable hemolymph osmotic concentration was reached in less than 24 h. During desiccation trials, hemolymph osmolality of E. depressus ranged from 971 6 121 mOsmol kg21 for unexposed crabs to 1132 6 169 mOsmol kg21 after 90 min of exposure. The information obtained from this study adds to knowledge of crustacean stress physiology and may give a clearer picture of the important factors involved in population distribution and the consequences of multiple stressors that may affect the crabs or their oyster-reef habitat.
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Date Issued: 2009-10-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000976
Format: Citation

Title: Aggregate settling velocity of combined sewage overflow.
Creator: Fugate, David, Chant, Robert J.
Abstract / Description: In order to better model the fate and transport of material in a combined sewer overflow (CSO), hydrologic and geochemical measurements were made during a storm event in Flushing Bay, NY, USA. Particle size, total suspended solids concentrations, and CSO solid density are used to calculate the settling velocity of aggregates of the CSO material. Roughly half of the material that is discharged from the outfall sinks rapidly to the bottom, while the other half forms a turbid surface plume in...
Show moreIn order to better model the fate and transport of material in a combined sewer overflow (CSO), hydrologic and geochemical measurements were made during a storm event in Flushing Bay, NY, USA. Particle size, total suspended solids concentrations, and CSO solid density are used to calculate the settling velocity of aggregates of the CSO material. Roughly half of the material that is discharged from the outfall sinks rapidly to the bottom, while the other half forms a turbid surface plume in fresher water. The dry solid density of the CSO material was 1589 kg m−3 and the volume fraction of solid material to total aggregate volume ranged from 0.1 to 1.0. The settling velocity estimates of aggregated material in the surface plume ranged from about 0.5 to 9.0 mm s−1 with a median settling velocity of 2.9 mm s−1. A strong inverse relationship between the size of the aggregates and the aggregate density resulted in a fractal dimension of the aggregates of 2.3.
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Date Issued: 2006-04-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000993
Format: Citation

Title: Analysis of Copper Concentration in Naples Bay Oysters and its Effect on Spat Recruitment.
Creator: Davidson, Jordan, STEM Undergraduate Research Symposium
Abstract / Description: Over the past year, Dr. James Douglass, myself, and other students in the Benthic Ecology lab have assisted in a study of the ongoing Naples Bay oyster restoration project. Oysters collected from the restoration and reference sites were shucked, dried, and ground into a powder for analysis of copper concentration using an X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. In addition, stringers with oyster shells were placed at the sites and were checked monthly for spat (baby oyster) recruitment. Oyster reefs...
Show moreOver the past year, Dr. James Douglass, myself, and other students in the Benthic Ecology lab have assisted in a study of the ongoing Naples Bay oyster restoration project. Oysters collected from the restoration and reference sites were shucked, dried, and ground into a powder for analysis of copper concentration using an X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. In addition, stringers with oyster shells were placed at the sites and were checked monthly for spat (baby oyster) recruitment. Oyster reefs perform important ecosystem functions, as a biogenic structure that provides nursery habitat to young fish and crustaceans, and as a filter feeder that can keep particulates and suspended sediments out of the water column. Copper enters Naples Bay through freshwater runoff via the Golden Gate Canal system, a watershed where copper sulfate is applied as an algaecide to canals, ponds, and golf course hazards. This study aimed to better understand how copper affects oysters and spat recruitment in Naples Bay.
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Date Issued: 2020-12-04
Identifier: fgcu_UGR_0147
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Application of enhanced gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for monitoring petroleum weathering and forensic source fingerprinting in samples impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Creator: Adhikari, Puspa, Wong, Roberto L., Overton, Edward B.
Abstract / Description: Accurate characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons in complex and weathered oil residues is analytically challenging. This is primarily due to chemical compositional complexity of both the oil residues and environmental matrices, and the lack of instrumental selectivity due to co-elution of interferences with the target analytes. To overcome these analytical selectivity issues, we used an enhanced resolution gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in Multiple...
Show moreAccurate characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons in complex and weathered oil residues is analytically challenging. This is primarily due to chemical compositional complexity of both the oil residues and environmental matrices, and the lack of instrumental selectivity due to co-elution of interferences with the target analytes. To overcome these analytical selectivity issues, we used an enhanced resolution gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode (GC/MS/MS-MRM) to eliminate interferences within the ion chromatograms of target analytes found in environmental samples. This new GC/MS/MS-MRM method was developed and used for forensic fingerprinting of deep-water and marsh sediment samples containing oily residues from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The results showed that the GC/MS/MS-MRM method increases selectivity, eliminates interferences, and provides more accurate quantitation and characterization of trace levels of alkyl-PAHs and biomarker compounds, from weathered oil residues in complex sample matrices. The higher selectivity of the new method, even at low detection limits, provides greater insights on isomer and homolog compositional patterns and the extent of oil weathering under various environmental conditions. The method also provides flat chromatographic baselines for accurate and unambiguous calculation of petroleum forensic biomarker compound ratios. Thus, this GC/MS/MS-MRM method can be a reliable analytical strategy for more accurate and selective trace level analyses in petroleum forensic studies, and for tacking continuous weathering of oil residues.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000909
Format: Citation

Title: Biodiversity mediates top–down control in eelgrass ecosystems: a global comparative‐experimental approach.
Creator: Douglass, James, Duffy, J. Emmett, Reynolds, Pamela L., Boström, Christoffer, Coyer, James A., Cusson, Mathieu, Donadi, Serena, Eklöf, Johan, Engelen, Aschwin H., Klemens...
Show moreDouglass, James, Duffy, J. Emmett, Reynolds, Pamela L., Boström, Christoffer, Coyer, James A., Cusson, Mathieu, Donadi, Serena, Eklöf, Johan, Engelen, Aschwin H., Klemens Eriksson, Britas, Fredriksen, Stein, Gamfeldt, Lars, Gustafsson, Camilla, Hoarau, Galice, Hori, Masakazu, Hovel, Kevin, Iken, Katrin, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Moksnes, Per-Olav
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Abstract / Description: Nutrient pollution and reduced grazing each can stimulate algal blooms as shown by numerous experiments. But because experiments rarely incorporate natural variation in environmental factors and biodiversity, conditions determining the relative strength of bottom–up and top–down forcing remain unresolved. We factorially added nutrients and reduced grazing at 15 sites across the range of the marine foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina ) to quantify how top–down and bottom–up control...
Show moreNutrient pollution and reduced grazing each can stimulate algal blooms as shown by numerous experiments. But because experiments rarely incorporate natural variation in environmental factors and biodiversity, conditions determining the relative strength of bottom–up and top–down forcing remain unresolved. We factorially added nutrients and reduced grazing at 15 sites across the range of the marine foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina ) to quantify how top–down and bottom–up control interact with natural gradients in biodiversity and environmental forcing. Experiments confirmed modest top–down control of algae, whereas fertilisation had no general effect. Unexpectedly, grazer and algal biomass were better predicted by cross‐site variation in grazer and eelgrass diversity than by global environmental gradients. Moreover, these large‐scale patterns corresponded strikingly with prior small‐scale experiments. Our results link global and local evidence that biodiversity and top–down control strongly influence functioning of threatened seagrass ecosystems, and suggest that biodiversity is comparably important to global change stressors.
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Date Issued: 2015-05-17
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000922
Format: Citation

Title: Biomagnification of mercury through a subtropical coastal food web off Southwest Florida.
Creator: Rumbold, Darren, Thera, Jennifer C.
Abstract / Description: Total mercury and stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) were measured in samples from 57 species of invertebrates (17 species) and finfish (40 species) from the coastal waters off southwest Florida, USA, to evaluate the biomagnification of mercury through the food web. Mercury concentrations (wet wt) and δ15N values were highly variable among species, ranging from 0.004 mg/kg in an unidentified species of brittlestar (class Ophiuroidea) to 2.839 ± 1.39 mg/kg in king mackerel (Scomberomorus...
Show moreTotal mercury and stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) were measured in samples from 57 species of invertebrates (17 species) and finfish (40 species) from the coastal waters off southwest Florida, USA, to evaluate the biomagnification of mercury through the food web. Mercury concentrations (wet wt) and δ15N values were highly variable among species, ranging from 0.004 mg/kg in an unidentified species of brittlestar (class Ophiuroidea) to 2.839 ± 1.39 mg/kg in king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla ) and from 4.67‰ in a Florida fighting conch (Strombus alatus ) to 13.68‰ in crevalle jack (Caranx hippos ). In general, observed Hg levels were in the upper range of levels previously reported for other Gulf populations. Species means of log‐transformed Hg concentrations were positively correlated with δ15N (p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.66) and had a slope of 0.21. A trophic magnification factor of 5.05 was calculated from the relationship between log‐transformed mean Hg concentrations and trophic level (calculated from δ15N), indicating that Hg increased by a factor of 5 with each increase in trophic level. The log10[Hg]‐δ15N slope and trophic magnification factor were also in the upper range of values reported from other regions and ecosystems
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Date Issued: 2013-10-05
Identifier: fgcu_ir_001052
Format: Citation

Title: Biomonitoring environmental contaminants near a municipal solid-waste combustor: a decade later.
Creator: Rumbold, Darren, Mihalik, M.B.
Abstract / Description: During the 1999 nesting season, eggs and nestlings of anhingas (Anhinga anhinga) and white ibises (Eudocimus albus) were collected from a colony located on the site of a municipal solid-waste (MSW) combustor and analyzed for residues of chemicals potentially released from this facility. Concentrations of most residues, including tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and lead, were at levels comparable to those found during a similar...
Show moreDuring the 1999 nesting season, eggs and nestlings of anhingas (Anhinga anhinga) and white ibises (Eudocimus albus) were collected from a colony located on the site of a municipal solid-waste (MSW) combustor and analyzed for residues of chemicals potentially released from this facility. Concentrations of most residues, including tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and lead, were at levels comparable to those found during a similar survey done in 1989, prior to facility start-up. Nickel residues were detected only sporadically in anhingas and in eggs from ibises, and decreased significantly in concentration in ibis nestlings in 1999 compared to 1989. While concentrations of mercury in anhinga nestlings and in eggs of both species were comparable to 1989 levels, its concentration was significantly greater in ibis nestlings in 1999. However, levels of mercury in the ibises remained relatively low when compared to birds from other areas of Florida and did not appear to represent a health threat. While lead did not increase in 1999, its concentration in ibis nestlings remained a concern. The most notable temporal trend observed in birds at this site was a general monotonic decrease in levels of selenium residues during the 10-year monitoring period.
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Date Issued: 2002-04-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_001012
Format: Citation

Title: Carbon Sequestration and Sedimentation in Mangrove Swamps Influenced by Hydrogeomorphic Conditions and Urbanization in Southwest Florida.
Creator: Marchio, Daniel, Savarese, Michael, Bovard, Brian, Mitsch, William
Abstract / Description: This study compares carbon sequestration rates along two independent tidal mangrove creeks near Naples Bay in Southwest Florida, USA. One tidal creek is hydrologically disturbed due to upstream land use changes; the other is an undisturbed reference creek. Soil cores were collected in basin, fringe, and riverine hydrogeomorphic settings along each of the two tidal creeks and analyzed for bulk density, total organic carbon profiles, and sediment accretion. Radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb were...
Show moreThis study compares carbon sequestration rates along two independent tidal mangrove creeks near Naples Bay in Southwest Florida, USA. One tidal creek is hydrologically disturbed due to upstream land use changes; the other is an undisturbed reference creek. Soil cores were collected in basin, fringe, and riverine hydrogeomorphic settings along each of the two tidal creeks and analyzed for bulk density, total organic carbon profiles, and sediment accretion. Radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb were used to estimate recent sediment accretion and carbon sequestration rates. Carbon sequestration rates (mean ± standard error) for seven sites in the two tidal creeks on the Naples Bay (98 ± 12 g-C m−2·year−1 (n = 18)) are lower than published global means for mangrove wetlands, but consistent with other estimates from the same region. Mean carbon sequestration rates in the reference riverine setting were highest (162 ± 5 g-C m−2·year−1), followed by rates in the reference fringe and disturbed riverine settings (127 ± 6 and 125 ± 5 g-C m−2·year−1, respectively). The disturbed fringe sequestered 73 ± 10 g-C m−2·year−1, while rates within the basin settings were 50 ± 4 g-C m−2·year−1 and 47 ± 4 g-C m−2·year−1 for the reference and disturbed creeks, respectively. These data support our hypothesis that mangroves along a hydrologically disturbed tidal creek sequestered less carbon than did mangroves along an adjacent undisturbed reference creek.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-30
Identifier: 10.3390/f7060116, fgcu_ir_000086, http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/7/6/116
Format: Citation

Title: Characteristics of Effluents from Baitfish Holding Sheds in Central Arkansas.
Creator: Adhikari, Puspa, Stone, Nathan, Kelly, Anita M., Thomforde, Hugh K.
Abstract / Description: This study characterized effluents from commercial baitfish holding sheds in central Arkansas, the source of about half of U.S. farm-raised baitfish. Nutrient and solid concentrations in effluents were relatively dilute compared with other aquaculture effluents because fish are not fed while in vats. Total phosphorus concentrations, however, were relatively high (median of 0.52 mg/L in spring, 0.32 mg/L in fall), but source water contributed from 83% to 96% of the total phosphorus...
Show moreThis study characterized effluents from commercial baitfish holding sheds in central Arkansas, the source of about half of U.S. farm-raised baitfish. Nutrient and solid concentrations in effluents were relatively dilute compared with other aquaculture effluents because fish are not fed while in vats. Total phosphorus concentrations, however, were relatively high (median of 0.52 mg/L in spring, 0.32 mg/L in fall), but source water contributed from 83% to 96% of the total phosphorus concentration in baitfish holding shed effluents. Concentrations of total phosphorus similar to those found in study source waters have been documented for other waters from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. Daily variations in effluent quality generally overshadowed other temporal variation, with the exception of higher total ammonia concentrations in the spring. Higher loading rates are common in vats in the spring owing to increased baitfish sales. Daily flushing resulted in brief spikes in concentrations of total suspended solids, 5-d biochemical oxygen demand, and total phosphorus; the average contribution of flushing events to total daily loading was estimated to be 5–13%. Results suggest that holding shed effluents could be reused, at least for pond culture, as long as potential disease transmission issues are resolved.
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Date Issued: 2012-02-14
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000917
Format: Citation

Title: Coastal inundation research: an overview of the process.
Creator: Jose, Felix, Gayathri, R., Bhaskaran, Prasad K.
Abstract / Description: Coastal inundation is the flooding of coastal zone resulting from increased river discharge, spring tides, severe storms, or generation of powerful waves from tectonic activity (tsunami). This article discusses the critical factors that contribute to coastal inundation. Among the probable factors that cause coastal flooding and destruction, storm surge is the most frequent, and hence this article provides a detailed evaluation of the progress made in storm inundation research. Recent advances...
Show moreCoastal inundation is the flooding of coastal zone resulting from increased river discharge, spring tides, severe storms, or generation of powerful waves from tectonic activity (tsunami). This article discusses the critical factors that contribute to coastal inundation. Among the probable factors that cause coastal flooding and destruction, storm surge is the most frequent, and hence this article provides a detailed evaluation of the progress made in storm inundation research. Recent advances in coastal inundation modelling include efforts to understand the nonlinear dynamic interaction of near-shore waves, wind and atmospheric pressure with still water sea level and coastal currents, and their combined effects on storm surge along the coast and interaction with coastal morphology. An advanced storm-surge model comprises different modules, viz. an atmospheric component, and two ocean components for surge and wave simulations; these modules are coupled with each other. The nesting of regional coastal model with an ocean-wide model captures the far-field boundary forcing of extreme events that usually originate from the warm open ocean. Even though significant advancements reported on the efficiency and accuracy of storm surge and inundation prediction, further studies are required to understand the nonlinear interaction of storm surge with coastal landforms and their vegetation (land cover). In the context of rising sea level, increased tropical cyclone activity and rapid shoreline change, it is pertinent to evaluate the future flooding risk associated with landfall of tropical cyclones in densely populated coastal cities
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Date Issued: 2017-01-25
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000942
Format: Citation

Title: Coastal Inundation Research:An overview of the Process.
Creator: Gayathri, R., Bhaskaran, Prasad K., Jose, Felix
Abstract / Description: Coastal inundation is the flooding of coastal zone resulting from increased river discharge, spring tides, severe storms, or generation of powerful waves from tectonic activity (tsunami). This article discusses the critical factors that contribute to coastal inundation. Among the probable factors that cause coastal flooding and destruction, storm surge is the most frequent, and hence this article provides a detailed evaluation of the progress made in storm inundation research. Recent advances...
Show moreCoastal inundation is the flooding of coastal zone resulting from increased river discharge, spring tides, severe storms, or generation of powerful waves from tectonic activity (tsunami). This article discusses the critical factors that contribute to coastal inundation. Among the probable factors that cause coastal flooding and destruction, storm surge is the most frequent, and hence this article provides a detailed evaluation of the progress made in storm inundation research. Recent advances in coastal inundation modelling include efforts to understand the nonlinear dynamic interaction of near-shore waves, wind and atmospheric pressure with still water sea level and coastal currents, and their combined effects on storm surge along the coast and interaction with coastal morphology. An advanced storm-surge model comprises different modules, viz. an atmospheric component, and two ocean components for surge and wave simulations; these modules are coupled with each other. The nesting of regional coastal model with an ocean-wide model captures the far-field boundary forcing of extreme events that usually originate from the warm open ocean. Even though significant advancements reported on the efficiency and accuracy of storm surge and inundation prediction, further studies are required to understand the nonlinear interaction of storm surge with coastal landforms and their vegetation (land cover). In the context of rising sea level, increased tropical cyclone activity and rapid shoreline change, it is pertinent to evaluate the future flooding risk associated with landfall of tropical cyclones in densely populated coastal cities.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-25
Identifier: 10.18520/cs/v112/i02/267-278, fgcu_ir_000085, http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/112/02/0267.pdf
Format: Citation

Title: Comparison between optical and acoustical estimation of suspended sediment concentration: Field study from a muddy coast.
Creator: Jose, Felix, Siadatmousavi, S. Mostafa, Chen, Qin, Roberts, Harry H.
Abstract / Description: The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of a 1.5 MHz Pulse-coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiler (PCADP) to measure suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in a muddy environment where SSC varies over several orders of magnitude. Two seasonal deployments were conducted south of the Atchafalaya–Vermilion Bay system along the Louisiana coast, USA. During a low discharge period of the Atchafalaya River, acoustical estimates of SSC were in good agreement with OBSs deployed. The second...
Show moreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of a 1.5 MHz Pulse-coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiler (PCADP) to measure suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in a muddy environment where SSC varies over several orders of magnitude. Two seasonal deployments were conducted south of the Atchafalaya–Vermilion Bay system along the Louisiana coast, USA. During a low discharge period of the Atchafalaya River, acoustical estimates of SSC were in good agreement with OBSs deployed. The second deployment was conducted during a high discharge period of the Atchafalaya River. The passage of a cold front across the coast resulted in a rapid advection of the river plume to the study area. High sensitivity of the OBS to fine-grained suspended sediments led to high values from the OBS readings. On the other hand, the PCADP barely sensed the transportation of fine-grained sediments and significantly responded to the combined wave and current shear stress close to sea bed. To reduce the influence of temporal variation of grain size distribution, acoustical backscatter measurements were calibrated over a time span of a few hours. The resulting SSC estimates from the time-adaptive calibration of the PCADPs were in good agreement with data from OBS sensors.
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Date Issued: 2013-11-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000947
Format: Citation

Title: Controls on suspended aggregate size in partially mixed estuaries.
Creator: Fugate, David, Friedrichs, Carl T.
Abstract / Description: Knowledge of aggregate size in estuaries is important to determining the fate and transport of suspended sediment and particle adherent contaminants. We have used a suite of in situ instruments to determine the controls of aggregate size distributions in three muddy, partially mixed estuaries in the mid-Atlantic USA. A novel method is presented to estimate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production and the resulting Kolmogorov microscale (λK) using a profiling acoustic Doppler velocimeter that...
Show moreKnowledge of aggregate size in estuaries is important to determining the fate and transport of suspended sediment and particle adherent contaminants. We have used a suite of in situ instruments to determine the controls of aggregate size distributions in three muddy, partially mixed estuaries in the mid-Atlantic USA. A novel method is presented to estimate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production and the resulting Kolmogorov microscale (λK) using a profiling acoustic Doppler velocimeter that has been contaminated by boat motion. The physical processes that control particle size distribution differ in the three estuaries due to the different hydrodynamics and benthic characteristics. Controls within each estuary also vary with different depth regimes. Surface particle size dynamics in all the studied estuaries are affected by irregular advection events. In the hydrodynamically energetic York River, mid-depth regions are controlled tidally by the combined processes of small λK decreasing particle size at high TKE and differential settling increasing particle size during lower TKE, more stratified conditions. Mid-depth regions in the lower energy Elizabeth River are controlled by irregular resuspension and trapping at the pycnocline of large low density particles. Bottom regions in all estuaries are most strongly influenced by resuspension, tidally in the energetic estuaries and irregularly in the low energy estuary. Near-bed particle size distributions are controlled by both λK and the distribution of particles in the bed in the higher energy estuaries. Just above the bed, large porous particles survive resuspension in the lower energy Elizabeth River, particles become smaller with decreased λK in the more energetic York River, and biological aggregation causes large dense particles to resist turbulent breakup in the Chesapeake Bay, which has a more active benthic community. The net result just above the bed is that particle size and settling velocity are positively correlated to TKE production and sediment concentration in the estuary with higher currents and a biologically active bed, negatively correlated in the estuary with higher currents and a bed reworked by rapid erosion and deposition, and poorly correlated in the estuary with lower currents and a disturbed and contaminated bed.
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Date Issued: 2003-10-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000995
Format: Citation

Title: Coupled effects of oil spill and hurricane on saltmarsh terrestrial arthropods.
Creator: Adhikari, Puspa, Bam, Wokil, Hooper-Bui, Linda M., Strecker, Rachel M., Overton, Edward B.
Abstract / Description: Terrestrial arthropods play an important role in saltmarsh ecosystems, mainly affecting the saltmarsh’s primary production as the main consumers of terrestrial primary production and decomposition. Some of these arthropods, including selected insects and spiders, can be used as ecological indicators of overall marsh environmental health, as they are differentially sensitive to ecological stressors, such as land loss, erosion, oil spills, and tropical storms. In the present study, we used...
Show moreTerrestrial arthropods play an important role in saltmarsh ecosystems, mainly affecting the saltmarsh’s primary production as the main consumers of terrestrial primary production and decomposition. Some of these arthropods, including selected insects and spiders, can be used as ecological indicators of overall marsh environmental health, as they are differentially sensitive to ecological stressors, such as land loss, erosion, oil spills, and tropical storms. In the present study, we used terrestrial arthropods collected from seven (three lightly-oiled, four heavily-oiled) sites in Barataria Bay and from three unoiled reference sites in Delacroix, Louisiana, to determine the impacts of the distribution and re-distribution of Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil on these saltmarsh ecosystems. A total of 9,476 and 12,256 insects were collected in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The results show that the terrestrial arthropods were negatively affected by the re-distribution of DWH oil by Hurricane Isaac in 2012, although the level of impacts varied among the arthropod groups. Moreover, the mean diversity index was higher (>1.5) in 2014 than in 2013 (<1.5) for all sites, suggesting a recovery trajectory of the saltmarsh arthropod population. The higher taxonomic richness observed in the reference sites compared to the oiled sites for both years also indicated long-term impacts of DWH oil to the saltmarsh arthropod community. Whereas a slow recovery of certain terrestrial arthropods was observed, long-term monitoring of arthropod communities would help better understand the recovery and succession of the marsh ecosystems.
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Date Issued: 2018-04-11
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000908
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Determining concentration and fall velocity of estuarine particle populations using ADV, OBS and LISST.
Creator: Fugate, David, Friedrichs, Carl T.
Abstract / Description: In describing suspended sediment conditions in the lower Chesapeake Bay, VA, USA, this paper reports and develops methods for distinguishing multiple particle populations in the bottom boundary layer of estuaries in general. In addition, a novel application of the acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) is shown to estimate in situ particle fall velocity at a single point without affecting the ambient turbulence. In situ estimates of suspended sediment concentration from ADV, optical backscatter,...
Show moreIn describing suspended sediment conditions in the lower Chesapeake Bay, VA, USA, this paper reports and develops methods for distinguishing multiple particle populations in the bottom boundary layer of estuaries in general. In addition, a novel application of the acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) is shown to estimate in situ particle fall velocity at a single point without affecting the ambient turbulence. In situ estimates of suspended sediment concentration from ADV, optical backscatter, and laser in situ scattering and transmissometry (LISST) instruments are compared with gravimetrically determined mass concentrations from pumped water samples. In this environment, acoustic backscatter from the ADV proved to be the best estimator of mass concentrations due to its apparent insensitivity to the size or density of muddy aggregates. The concentration estimates and the relative sensitivities of the instruments to particle size and density combined with size distribution information from the LISST reveal the characteristics of multiple particle populations in the bottom boundary layer. Two rapidly settling sediment populations are suggested with similar fall velocities but distinct critical erosion stresses. A slowly settling background population is also identified whose concentration varies over meteorological time scales. Fall velocities are estimated analytically from a balance of settling and diffusive flux gradients using two methods, one employing Reynolds concentration flux, and the other estimating eddy diffusivity using the von-Karman Prandtl equation. Comparison of the local change and advective terms in the solute transport equation to the magnitude of the settling term suggests that a balance between the settling and resuspension term is a good first order approximation at this site, validating the indirect method for estimating settling velocity. Single elevation estimates of fall velocity using the ADV to estimate Reynolds concentration flux produced the best estimates of fall velocity which are on the order of 1 mm/s.
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Date Issued: 2002-07-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000996
Format: Citation

Title: Dietary plasticity in the bivalve Astarte moerchi revealed by a multimarker study in two Arctic fjords.
Creator: De Cesare, S, Meziane, T, Chauvaud, L, Richard, Joelle, Sejr, MK, Thébault, J, Winkler, G, Olivier, F
Abstract / Description: Arctic coastal ecosystems are likely to be strongly affected by predicted environmen- tal changes such as sea-ice decline and increase in freshwater input and turbidity. These changes are expected to impact primary production dynamics and consequently benthic consumers. The trophic relationship between primary producers and benthic primary consumers were compared in 2 Arctic fjords with different seasonal ice-cover: Young Sound (NE Greenland, a high-Arctic fjord) and Kongsfjorden (Svalbard...
Show moreArctic coastal ecosystems are likely to be strongly affected by predicted environmen- tal changes such as sea-ice decline and increase in freshwater input and turbidity. These changes are expected to impact primary production dynamics and consequently benthic consumers. The trophic relationship between primary producers and benthic primary consumers were compared in 2 Arctic fjords with different seasonal ice-cover: Young Sound (NE Greenland, a high-Arctic fjord) and Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago, a sub-Arctic fjord). For comparison, we selected the filter-feeding bivalve Astarte moerchi (belonging to the complex A. borealis), which has a broad geographical distribution in the Arctic. The bivalve digestive glands and food sources were characterized with fatty acids (FAs), bulk stable isotopes, and compound-specific stable isotopes of individual FAs. Our results suggest that diatoms of pelagic and/or benthic origin are the main contributors to the A. moerchi diet in Young Sound and make up a less important fraction of the diet in the Kongsfjorden population. A contribution by sympagic diatoms is clearly excluded in the sub-Arctic fjord and needs to be further assessed in the Arctic fjord. The A. moerchi diet in sub- Arctic Kongsfjorden is more diversified, varies with season, and has contributions from dinoflagel- lates and macroalgal detritus. These results, together with higher concentrations of total FAs in the Young Sound population, demonstrated and characterized the trophic plasticity of this bivalve species. Based on these results, we discuss potential effects of environmental factors (shifts in trophic resources, increase in turbidity) for A. moerchi populations in changing Arctic ecosystems.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-13
Identifier: 10.3354/meps12035, fgcu_ir_00079, http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v567/p157-172/
Format: Citation

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