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Title: A Comparison of Intramuscular Temperatures During 10-Minute 1.0-MHz Ultrasound Treatments at Different Intensities.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Leonard, Jamie, Merrick, Mark A., Ingersoll, Christopher D.
Abstract / Description: Context: Research on therapeutic ultrasound has not focused on the duration needed to cause thermal change with various ultrasound intensities. Objective: To analyze triceps surae intramuscular temperature using 4 intensity levels after a 10-min 1-MHz continuous ultrasound treatment at a depth of 4 cm. Design: 1 × 4 repeated measures. Independent variable: intensity of 4 levels—0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W/cm². Dependent variable: peak intramuscular temperature. Setting: Research laboratory....
Show moreContext: Research on therapeutic ultrasound has not focused on the duration needed to cause thermal change with various ultrasound intensities. Objective: To analyze triceps surae intramuscular temperature using 4 intensity levels after a 10-min 1-MHz continuous ultrasound treatment at a depth of 4 cm. Design: 1 × 4 repeated measures. Independent variable: intensity of 4 levels—0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W/cm². Dependent variable: peak intramuscular temperature. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: 19 volunteers with no lower leg pathologies. Intervention: Treatment order was balanced via Latin square and performed 24 hr apart. Main Outcome Measures: Peak intramuscular temperatures. Results: The only significant difference detected was that the mean temperature after the 1.0-W/cm² treatment (37.3 °C) was greater than that at 2.0-W/cm² intensity (36.1 °C). No treatment reached the desired 4° increase needed for therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: Treatments at 1.0 W/cm² increased tissue temperatures more than those at 2.0 W/cm².
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Date Issued: 2004-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000295
Format: Citation

Title: A Comparison of Intramuscular Temperatures During Ultrasound Treatments With Coupling Gel or Gel Pads.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Merrick, Mark A., Mihalyov, Matthew R., Roethemeier, Jennifer L., Ingersoll, Christopher D.
Abstract / Description: A repeated-measures design was used. The independent variable was ultrasound coupling medium with 2 levels: gel pad and traditional gel. The dependent variable was peak intramuscular (IM) tissue temperature.
Date Issued: 2002-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000302, 10.2519/jospt.2002.32.5.216
Format: Citation

Title: A comparison of physiologic and physical discomfort responses between exercise modalities.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Turner, Michael J., Williams, Alison B., Williford, Amy L.
Abstract / Description: To determine differences in physiologic responses and perceived discomfort during maximal and submaximal exercise with 2 common exercise modalities, the elliptical cross-trainer (ECT) and the arc trainer (ARC) were used, which undergoes an excursion of motion using an arc pathway. Eighteen subjects (10 male and 8 female; age = 24.7 ± 2.6 yr, height = 172.2 ± 10.3 cm, mass = 69.8 ± 14.9 kg, %fat = 22.5 ± 8.1%; mean ± SD) performed maximal exercise protocols on a treadmill (TML), the ECT, and...
Show moreTo determine differences in physiologic responses and perceived discomfort during maximal and submaximal exercise with 2 common exercise modalities, the elliptical cross-trainer (ECT) and the arc trainer (ARC) were used, which undergoes an excursion of motion using an arc pathway. Eighteen subjects (10 male and 8 female; age = 24.7 ± 2.6 yr, height = 172.2 ± 10.3 cm, mass = 69.8 ± 14.9 kg, %fat = 22.5 ± 8.1%; mean ± SD) performed maximal exercise protocols on a treadmill (TML), the ECT, and ARC. Subjects also performed 3 10-minute submaximal exercise bouts on the ECT and ARC at 55%, 65%, and 75% of TML maximal oxygen uptake (VO^sub 2^max) in which heart rate (HR), VO^sub 2^, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and hip, knee, and low-back discomfort were monitored. All testing on the ECT and ARC were performed in a counterbalanced order. The VO^sub 2^max was greater during TML exercise compared with ECT (p = 0.007) but similar to the ARC. Both ECT and ARC elicited lower maximal HR values compared with maximal TML exercise (p = 0.0001). No difference was observed between ECT and ARC for VO^sub 2^ during the submaximal exercise bouts (p > 0.05). However, HR was greater during submaximal ECT exercise (p < 0.0001). Perception of discomfort was not different between ECT and ARC for knees (p > 0.05) and lower back (p > 0.05) but different for the hips (p = 0.02). Similar VO^sub 2^max values were observed with ARC and TML modalities. Greater perceptions of discomfort were observed with ECT compared with ARC at similar submaximal exercise intensities, suggesting individuals with, or at risk for, lower-extremity joint pathology may benefit from exercise with modalities other than the ECT.
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Date Issued: 2010-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000275
Format: Citation

Title: A Single Dose of Ginkgo Biloba Does Not Affect Soleus Motoneuron Pool Excitability.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Stone, Marcus B, Vaughn, Martin A., Ingersoll, Christopher D., Edwards, Jeffrey E, Babington, J. Patrick, Palmieri, Riann M., Krause, B. Andrew
Abstract / Description: EGb 761 has been shown to increase acetylcholine synthesis and release and increase cholinergic receptors leading to an increase in cholinergic neurotransmission. These effects may be observed in the neuromuscular system, manifested by changes in motoneuron pool excitability as measured by the Hoffmann reflex to motor response (H/M) ratio. The objective was to determine whether a single dose of EGb 761 affects motoneuron pool excitability of the soleus muscle as measured by the H/M ratio....
Show moreEGb 761 has been shown to increase acetylcholine synthesis and release and increase cholinergic receptors leading to an increase in cholinergic neurotransmission. These effects may be observed in the neuromuscular system, manifested by changes in motoneuron pool excitability as measured by the Hoffmann reflex to motor response (H/M) ratio. The objective was to determine whether a single dose of EGb 761 affects motoneuron pool excitability of the soleus muscle as measured by the H/M ratio. Following initial soleus H/M measurements, 20 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (control, 180 g cellulose placebo, and 180 g EGb 761). H/M ratios were recorded 1, 2, and 3 hours post treatment. A 3 × 4 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in H/M ratio between treatments. No differences were observed between treatments (p = 0.75) or over time (p = 0.17), and there was not a treatment by time interaction (p = 0.27). A single dose of 180 g of EGb 761 does not affect soleus motoneuron pool excitability.
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Date Issued: 2003-08-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000299
Format: Citation

Title: Ankle balance training targets recurrent injury.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Wikstrom, Erik A.
Abstract / Description: Balance intervention programs improve postural stability, which reduces ankle sprain risk. By reducing injury recurrence, balance training reduces the risk of chronic ankle instability, and in turn the risk of ankle osteoarthritis.
Date Issued: 2009-09-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000277
Format: Citation

Title: Application of Statistics in Establishing Diagnostic Certainty.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Denegar, Craig R.
Abstract / Description: The examination and assessment of injured and ill patients leads to the establishment of a diagnosis. However, the tests and procedures used in health care, including procedures performed by certified athletic trainers, are individually and collectively imperfect in confirming or ruling out a condition of concern. Thus, research into the utility of diagnostic tests is needed to identify the procedures that are most helpful and to indicate the confidence one should place in the results of the...
Show moreThe examination and assessment of injured and ill patients leads to the establishment of a diagnosis. However, the tests and procedures used in health care, including procedures performed by certified athletic trainers, are individually and collectively imperfect in confirming or ruling out a condition of concern. Thus, research into the utility of diagnostic tests is needed to identify the procedures that are most helpful and to indicate the confidence one should place in the results of the test. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of selected statistical procedures and the interpretation of data appropriate for assessing the utility of diagnostic tests with dichotomous (positive or negative) outcomes, with particular attention to the interpretation of sensitivity and specificity estimates and the reporting of confidence intervals around likelihood ratio estimates.
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Date Issued: 2012-03-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000266
Format: Citation

Title: Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition Is Not Present in the Limb Contralateral to a Simulated Knee Joint Effusion.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Palmieri, Riann M., Ingersoll, Christopher D., Edwards, Jeffrey E, Hoffman, Mark A., Stone, Marcus B, Babington, J. Patrick, Krause, B. Andrew
Abstract / Description: A common clinical obstacle encountered after knee joint injury is an inability to achieve full voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle group. This phenomenon has been termed arthrogenic muscle inhibition and is defined as an ongoing reflex inhibition of musculature surrounding a joint after distension or damage to the structures of that joint. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is a limiting factor in joint rehabilitation, as it restricts full muscle activation and therefore prevents...
Show moreA common clinical obstacle encountered after knee joint injury is an inability to achieve full voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle group. This phenomenon has been termed arthrogenic muscle inhibition and is defined as an ongoing reflex inhibition of musculature surrounding a joint after distension or damage to the structures of that joint. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is a limiting factor in joint rehabilitation, as it restricts full muscle activation and therefore prevents restoration of strength. Thus, athletes often return to competition deficient in strength and neuromuscular control, leading to an increased propensity for further injury.
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Date Issued: 2003-12-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000297
Format: Citation

Title: Arthrogenic muscle response to a simulated ankle joint effusion.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Palmieri, R.M., Ingersoll, C.D,, Porter, D.A., Babington, J.P., Krause, B.A., Stone, M.B.
Abstract / Description: Background: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is a continuing reflex reaction of the musculature surrounding a joint after distension or damage to the structures of that joint. This phenomenon has been well documented after knee joint injury and has been generalised to occur at other joints of the human body, yet minimal research has been conducted in this regard. The response of the muscles crossing the ankle/foot complex after ankle injury and effusion is not well understood. AMI may...
Show moreBackground: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is a continuing reflex reaction of the musculature surrounding a joint after distension or damage to the structures of that joint. This phenomenon has been well documented after knee joint injury and has been generalised to occur at other joints of the human body, yet minimal research has been conducted in this regard. The response of the muscles crossing the ankle/foot complex after ankle injury and effusion is not well understood. AMI may occur after an ankle sprain contributing to residual dysfunction. Objective: To determine if AMI is present in the soleus, peroneus longus, and tibialis anterior musculature after a simulated ankle joint effusion. Methods: Eight neurologically sound volunteers (mean (SD) age 23 (4) years, height 171 (6) cm, mass 73 (10) kg) participated. Maximum H-reflex and maximum M-wave measurements were collected using surface electromyography after delivery of a percutaneous stimulus to the sciatic nerve before its bifurcation into the common peroneal and posterior tibial nerves. Results: The H-reflex and M-wave measurements in all muscles increased (p(0.05) after the simulated ankle joint effusion. Conclusions: Simulated ankle joint effusion results in facilitation of the soleus, peroneus longus, and tibialis anterior motoneurone pools. This may occur to stabilise the foot/ankle complex in order to maintain posture and/or locomotion.
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Date Issued: 2004-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000296, 10.1136/bjsm.2002.001677
Format: Citation

Title: Certified Athletic Trainers' Knowledge and Perception of Professional Preparation Involving Eating Disorders among Athletes.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Whitson, Emily J., Demchak, Timothy J., Stemmans, Catherine L., King, Keith A.
Abstract / Description: The perceived adequacy of professional preparation about eating disorders and disordered eating has not been evaluated in certified athletic trainers (ATCs). This study was intended to establish how ATCs perceive their professional preparation and educational background in identifying and managing eating disorders. A 42-item Web-based survey was specifically created for this study and disseminated to certified 14,477 members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), of whom 13.6%...
Show moreThe perceived adequacy of professional preparation about eating disorders and disordered eating has not been evaluated in certified athletic trainers (ATCs). This study was intended to establish how ATCs perceive their professional preparation and educational background in identifying and managing eating disorders. A 42-item Web-based survey was specifically created for this study and disseminated to certified 14,477 members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), of whom 13.6% (n = 1,966) responded (mean age of respondents, 31.87 +/- 7.82 yrs). The survey consisted of an 11-question demographic section, 13 Likert-scale statements, five "check all that apply" questions, 10 yes/no questions, two "fill in the best answer" questions, and one "check one that applies" question. Statistical analysis focused on qualitative and descriptive analysis of survey items. Our results suggest that ATCs believe that they do not receive enough professional preparation or education in dealing with eating disordered athletes. Despite this finding, they also believe it is their responsibility to identify and deal with eating disordered athletes. The overall findings indicate a need and desire for continuing education about eating disorders.
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Date Issued: 2006-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000289
Format: Citation

Title: Changes in Ankle Mechanical Stability in Those With Knee Osteoarthritis.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Hubbard-Turner, Tricia J., Hicks-Little, Charlie A.
Abstract / Description: Changes in ankle mechanical stability in those with knee osteoarthritis. To examine ankle joint mechanical stability in patients who had mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA). Case control study. Biodynamics research laboratory. Subjects with knee OA (n=15; 5 men and 10 women; mean age +/- SD, 60.3+/-10.2y; mean mass +/- SD, 93.9+/-18.3kg; mean height +/- SD, 167.23+/-9.5cm) were matched to healthy controls (n=15; 5 men and 10 women; mean age +/- SD, 59.6+/-12.6y; mean mass +/- SD, 83.5+/...
Show moreChanges in ankle mechanical stability in those with knee osteoarthritis. To examine ankle joint mechanical stability in patients who had mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA). Case control study. Biodynamics research laboratory. Subjects with knee OA (n=15; 5 men and 10 women; mean age +/- SD, 60.3+/-10.2y; mean mass +/- SD, 93.9+/-18.3kg; mean height +/- SD, 167.23+/-9.5cm) were matched to healthy controls (n=15; 5 men and 10 women; mean age +/- SD, 59.6+/-12.6y; mean mass +/- SD, 83.5+/-19.2kg; mean height +/- SD, 169.7+/-12.6cm). Not applicable. Mechanical ankle-subtalar joint stability was assessed with an instrumented arthrometer where ankle-subtalar joint motion for anterior/posterior displacement and inversion/eversion rotation was measured. Separate 2 x 2 mixed model analyses of variance were performed. Significant group x side interactions were observed for anterior and posterior displacement (P<.05) where patients with knee OA had significantly less anterior and posterior ankle displacement compared with the control group, as well as compared with their unaffected extremity. Additionally, patients with knee OA had significantly (P<.05) less inversion/eversion rotation than their respective controls. These data suggest that altered ankle joint mechanics may be the result of deviations in ankle joint alignment secondary to the structural changes at the knee. Compensatory changes in ankle joint mechanics must also be considered when addressing lower extremity functional deficits in patients with knee OA.
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Date Issued: 2010-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000273, 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.09.015
Format: Citation

Title: Changes in Soleus Motoneuron Pool Excitability After Artificial Knee Joint Effusion.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Hopkins, Jon T., Ingersoll, Christopher D., Edwards, Jeffrey E.
Abstract / Description: ARTHROGENIC MUSCLE inhibition (AMI) is a presynaptic, ongoing reflex inhibition of musculature surrounding a joint after distension or damage to that joint. AMI is a natural response designed to protect the joint from further damage. The presence of AMI retards rehabilitation despite complete muscle integrity. However, if the affected joint can be protected from further damage, active exercise can be used to expedite the rehabilitation process.
Date Issued: 2000-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000315, 10.1053/apmr.2000.6298
Format: Citation

Title: Comment on Drouin et al.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell
Abstract / Description: Comments on Joshua M. Drouin et al's evaluation of whether measures of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joint reposition sense are related to lower extremity functional performance tests. Primary concern surrounding the interpretation of the correlations; Use of data which are not reproducible; Questions on the reliability estimates.
Date Issued: 2003-02-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000300
Format: Citation

Title: Considerations in Lower Extremity Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise: A Clinical Perspective.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell
Abstract / Description: Presents a clinical perspective on the considerations in lower extremity closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise. Discussion on the biomechanics of lower extremity CKC exercises; Use of the concept of CKC exercise in the rehabilitation field; Objectives of CKC exercise.
Date Issued: 2001-03-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000307
Format: Citation

Title: Contributing Factors to Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome: A Prospective Investigation.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Hubbard, Tricia J., Carpenter, Erica Mullis
Abstract / Description: Purpose: To conduct a prospective, multisite, cohort study investigating the possible risk factors for medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) in college athletes. Methods: One hundred and forty-six healthy, collegiate athletes from NCAA Division I and Division II institutions participated in the study. Subjects first completed a health history questionnaire to establish previous history of injury and underwent a physical examination to assess their ankle/foot strength, ankle/foot range of...
Show morePurpose: To conduct a prospective, multisite, cohort study investigating the possible risk factors for medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) in college athletes. Methods: One hundred and forty-six healthy, collegiate athletes from NCAA Division I and Division II institutions participated in the study. Subjects first completed a health history questionnaire to establish previous history of injury and underwent a physical examination to assess their ankle/foot strength, ankle/foot range of motion, tibial varum, and navicular drop before the start of their respective athletic season. Athletes were instructed to report to a certified athletic trainer if they developed pain on their tibia. If MTSS was present, subjects were then placed into the symptomatic group. Independent t-tests and chi-square analyses were used to determine whether differences existed between MTSS and healthy athletes for the continuous and the discrete dependent variables, respectively. The significant dependent variables were then used in the discriminant function analysis. Results: Twenty-nine subjects developed MTSS during this study. Athletes that had been participating in athletic activity for fewer than 5 yr were significantly more likely to develop MTSS (P = 0.002). Additionally, athletes with a previous history of MTSS (P = 0.0001), a previous history of stress fracture (P = 0.039), and the use of orthotics (P = 0.031) were more likely to develop MTSS compared with those who did not develop MTSS. Conclusion: This study established that the factors most influencing MTSS development were previous history of MTSS and stress fracture, years of running experience, and orthotic use. These data demonstrate the importance of establishing a thorough history before the start of the season so that athletes who might be at risk for MTSS development can be identified.
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Date Issued: 2009-03-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000280, 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818b98e6
Format: Citation

Title: Cryotherapy and ankle bracing effects on peroneus longus response duringsudden inversion.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Bernard, Lance W., Au, Kira K., Demchak, Timothy J., Stone, Marcus B., Sefton, JoEllen M.
Abstract / Description: Cryotherapy and ankle bracing are often used in conjunction as a treatment for ankle injury. No studies have evaluated the combined effect of these treatments on reflex responses during inversion perturbation. This study examined the combined influence of ankle bracing and joint cooling on peroneus longus (PL) muscle response during ankle inversion. A 2 2 RM factorial design guided this study; the independent variables were: ankle brace condition (lace-up brace, control), and treatment (ice,...
Show moreCryotherapy and ankle bracing are often used in conjunction as a treatment for ankle injury. No studies have evaluated the combined effect of these treatments on reflex responses during inversion perturbation. This study examined the combined influence of ankle bracing and joint cooling on peroneus longus (PL) muscle response during ankle inversion. A 2 2 RM factorial design guided this study; the independent variables were: ankle brace condition (lace-up brace, control), and treatment (ice, control), and the dependent variables studied were PL stretch reflex latency (ms), and PL stretch reflex amplitude (% of max). Twenty-four healthy participants completed 5 trials of a sudden inversion perturbation to the ankle/foot complex under each ankle brace and cryotherapy treatment condition. No two-way interaction was observed between ankle brace and treatment conditions on PL latency (P = 0.283) and amplitude (P = 0.884). The ankle brace condition did not differ from control on PL latency and amplitude. Cooling the ankle joint did not alter PL latency or amplitude compared to the no-ice treatment. Ankle bracing combined with joint cooling does not have a deleterious effect on dynamic ankle joint stabilization during an inversion perturbation in normal subjects.
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Date Issued: 2010-04-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000276, 10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.03.012
Format: Citation

Title: Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Does Not Alter the Kinematics and Kinetics of the Squat-Lifting Technique.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Armstrong, Benjamin D., Ingersoll, Christopher D., Lawrence, Nancy F.
Abstract / Description: Examines the effect of delayed-onset muscle soreness in the thigh musculature on kinematic and kinetic with squat-lifting technique in the U.S. Use of pretest-posttest repeated measures with the treatment on the study; Use of A 2-dimensional sagittal-plane video analysis to calculate the backache mechanism; Average level of soreness.
Date Issued: 2001-08-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000309, 10.1123/jsr.10.3.184
Format: Citation

Title: Effect of inversion and ankle bracing on peroneus longus Hoffmann reflex.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Sefton, Joellen M., Hicks-Little, Charlie A., Koceja, D.M.
Abstract / Description: This study examined peroneus longus (PL) Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) during sudden inversion perturbation of the ankle/foot complex under an ankle brace and non-brace condition. Ten healthy subjects volunteered. H-reflexes were tested on the up-sloping portion of the recruitment curve, utilizing a control trial M-wave above motor threshold to maintain consistency between subjects and conditions. The PL H/maximum M-wave (Mmax) ratio was established using the PL H-reflex and PL Mmax peak-to-peak...
Show moreThis study examined peroneus longus (PL) Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) during sudden inversion perturbation of the ankle/foot complex under an ankle brace and non-brace condition. Ten healthy subjects volunteered. H-reflexes were tested on the up-sloping portion of the recruitment curve, utilizing a control trial M-wave above motor threshold to maintain consistency between subjects and conditions. The PL H/maximum M-wave (Mmax) ratio was established using the PL H-reflex and PL Mmax peak-to-peak measures. The mean ratio across five trials for each subject under each ankle brace (brace, no brace) and surface (flat, inversion) conditions was utilized for analysis. The 1 × 4 repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for treatment condition ( P<0.0001). The PL H/Mmax ratio significantly increased during sudden inversion-no ankle brace condition compared with the flat surface no-ankle brace condition ( P=0.04). Application of an ankle brace had no effect on PL H/Mmax ratio during inversion ( P=0.78). During this study PL H/Mmax ratios increased during an inversion perturbation in healthy ankles. This is believed to occur due to heightened sensorimotor demand placed on the nervous system during this motion. Moreover, application of an ankle brace during inversion does not appear to affect PL H/Mmax ratio.
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Date Issued: 2007-09-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000287
Format: Citation

Title: Effect of knee joint effusion on quadriceps and soleus motoneuron pool excitability.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Hopkins, Jon T., Ingersoll, Christopher D., Krause, Andrew, Edwards, Jeffrey E.
Abstract / Description: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is a presynaptic, ongoing reflex inhibition of joint musculature after distension or damage to that joint . AMI is a natural mechanism designed to protect an injured joint. However, the neural inhibition that results from joint injury creates many rehabilitation problems for the patient, including muscle weakness, atrophy and decreased neuromuscular control.
Date Issued: 2003-01-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000306
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of Altering Intensity During 1-MHz Ultrasound Treatment on Increasing Triceps Surae Temperature.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Burr, Phillip O., Demchak, Timothy J., Ingersoll, Christopher D., Stone, Marcus B.
Abstract / Description: It has been suggested that to obtain optimal physiological effects of heating, musculoskeletal temperature (TEMP) should be elevated 3 °C above baseline and maintained for at least 5 min. Objective: To identify a multi-intensity ultrasound protocol that will achieve optimal heating. Design: 1 × 2 between-subjects. Setting: Sports-injury research laboratory. Participants: 20 healthy volunteers. Interventions: A 2.5-mm treatment at 2.4 W/cm² immediately followed by a 7.5-min treatment at 1.0 W...
Show moreIt has been suggested that to obtain optimal physiological effects of heating, musculoskeletal temperature (TEMP) should be elevated 3 °C above baseline and maintained for at least 5 min. Objective: To identify a multi-intensity ultrasound protocol that will achieve optimal heating. Design: 1 × 2 between-subjects. Setting: Sports-injury research laboratory. Participants: 20 healthy volunteers. Interventions: A 2.5-mm treatment at 2.4 W/cm² immediately followed by a 7.5-min treatment at 1.0 W/cm² (T1) and a 10-min treatment at 1.5 W/cm² (T2). Outcome Measures: TEMP change during the first 2.5 mm of ultrasound treatment (°C), time the TEMP was ≥3 °C above baseline during and after the treatment. Results: T1 increased TEMP during the first 2.5 mm of the ultrasound treatment (3.22 ± 1.25 °C) more than T2 did (1.68 ± 0.72 °C). No difference was found for the remaining measures. Conclusions: The multi-intensity protocol (2.4 W/cm² and 1.0 W/cm²) did not result in optimal heating.
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Date Issued: 2004-11-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000293
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of Ankle Support on Lower-Extremity Functional Performance: A Meta-Analysis.
Creator: Cordova, Mitchell, Scott, Brady D., Ingersoll, Christopher D., LeBlanc, Michael J.
Abstract / Description: Clinicians surmise that the application of external ankle support reduces the ability to perform functional skills and movements, but the outcomes from some of these studies have been inconclusive. Purpose: To meta-analyze studies regarding the effects of external ankle support on lower-extremity functional performance measures. Methods: A total of 93 effects from 17 randomized controlled trials utilizing predominantly crossover designs with recreationally active participants and competitive...
Show moreClinicians surmise that the application of external ankle support reduces the ability to perform functional skills and movements, but the outcomes from some of these studies have been inconclusive. Purpose: To meta-analyze studies regarding the effects of external ankle support on lower-extremity functional performance measures. Methods: A total of 93 effects from 17 randomized controlled trials utilizing predominantly crossover designs with recreationally active participants and competitive athletes were subjected to a random-effects meta-analysis. The treatment variable was external ankle support with three levels: adhesive tape, lace-up style, and semirigid style. Differences between mean changes in treatment and control groups were computed as standardized effect sizes for sprint, agility, and vertical jump performance with their 90% confidence intervals (CI). Effect sizes 0.20 were considered substantial. Results: The greatest effect of ankle support on performance was a negative effect of lace-up style brace on sprint speed (effect size 0.22, 90% CI 0.47 to 0.03), equivalent to 1% impairment of speed. The other effects of external ankle support on performance were insubstantial, though most were negative, and their lower confidence limits allowed for realistic chances of impaired performance. Substantial true variation between studies, although poorly defined, was also present for some effects, further increasing the likelihood of performance impairment in some settings. Conclusions: More research is needed to reduce the uncertainty in the effects of external ankle support on performance. In the meantime, it is our opinion that the benefit in preventing injury outweighs the possibility of substantial but small impairment of performance when athletes use external ankle support.
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Date Issued: 2005-04-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000292, 10.1249/01.MSS.0000159141.78989.9C
Format: Citation

H-reflex (4)	+ -
Rehabilitation. (4)	+ -
Ankle. (3)	+ -
Electromyography. (3)	+ -
Proprioception. (3)	+ -

Thermocouples. (3)	+ -
ankle bracing (3)	+ -
ankle injury (3)	+ -
Ankle Injuries. (2)	+ -
Cold. (2)	+ -
Cryotherapy. (2)	+ -
Exercise. (2)	+ -
Knee Joint. (2)	+ -
Modality (2)	+ -
Muscles (2)	+ -
arthrogenic muscle inhibition (2)	+ -
intramuscular temperature (2)	+ -
stair ascent (2)	+ -
stair descent (2)	+ -
ACL (1)	+ -
Ankle Joint. (1)	+ -
Arthritis. (1)	+ -
Athletes (1)	+ -
Balance (1)	+ -
Biomechanics. (1)	+ -
Body temperature. (1)	+ -
Cartilage degeneration (1)	+ -
Confidence intervals. (1)	+ -
Cooling. (1)	+ -
Degenerative Diseases. (1)	+ -

English (53)	+ -
eng (53)	+ -

Ingersoll, Christopher D. (20)	+ -
Hicks-Little, Charlie A. (12)	+ -
Hubbard, Tricia J. (6)	+ -
Sefton, Joellen M. (6)	+ -
Demchak, Timothy J. (5)	+ -

Hubbard-Turner, Tricia J. (5)	+ -
Merrick, Mark A. (5)	+ -
Palmieri, Riann M. (5)	+ -
Stone, Marcus B. (5)	+ -
Edwards, Jeffrey E. (4)	+ -
Krause, B. Andrew (4)	+ -
Babington, J. Patrick (3)	+ -
Brucker, Jody B. (3)	+ -
Kinzey, Stephen J. (3)	+ -
Peindl, Richard D. (3)	+ -
Sandrey, Michelle A. (3)	+ -
Stone, Marcus B (3)	+ -
Clemens, Mark G. (2)	+ -
Edwards, Jeffrey E (2)	+ -
Fehring, Thomas K. (2)	+ -
Hopkins, Jon T. (2)	+ -
Koceja, D.M. (2)	+ -
Koceja, David M. (2)	+ -
LeBlanc, Michael J. (2)	+ -
Odum, Susan M. (2)	+ -
Yengo, Christopher M. (2)	+ -
Armstrong, Benjamin D. (1)	+ -
Armstrong, Charles W. (1)	+ -
Arthur, Susan T. (1)	+ -

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