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Title: Dengue virus antibodies enhance Zika virus infection.
Creator: Paul, Lauren M, Carlin, Eric R, Jenkins, Meagan M, Tan, Amanda L, Barcellona, Carolyn M, Nicholson, Cindo O, Michael, Scott F, Isern, Sharon
Abstract/Description: For decades, human infections with Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, were sporadic, associated with mild disease, and went underreported since symptoms were similar to other acute febrile diseases. Recent reports of severe disease associated with ZIKV have greatly heightened awareness. It is anticipated that ZIKV will continue to spread in the Americas and globally where competent Aedes mosquito vectors are found. Dengue virus (DENV), the most common mosquito-transmitted...
Show moreFor decades, human infections with Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, were sporadic, associated with mild disease, and went underreported since symptoms were similar to other acute febrile diseases. Recent reports of severe disease associated with ZIKV have greatly heightened awareness. It is anticipated that ZIKV will continue to spread in the Americas and globally where competent Aedes mosquito vectors are found. Dengue virus (DENV), the most common mosquito-transmitted human flavivirus, is both well-established and the source of outbreaks in areas of recent ZIKV introduction. DENV and ZIKV are closely related, resulting in substantial antigenic overlap. Through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), anti-DENV antibodies can enhance the infectivity of DENV for certain classes of immune cells, causing increased viral production that correlates with severe disease outcomes. Similarly, ZIKV has been shown to undergo ADE in response to antibodies generated by other flaviviruses. We tested the neutralizing and enhancing potential of well-characterized broadly neutralizing human anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies (HMAbs) and human DENV immune sera against ZIKV using neutralization and ADE assays. We show that anti-DENV HMAbs, cross-react, do not neutralize, and greatly enhance ZIKV infection in vitro. DENV immune sera had varying degrees of neutralization against ZIKV and similarly enhanced ZIKV infection. Our results suggest that pre-existing DENV immunity may enhance ZIKV infection in vivo and may lead to increased disease severity. Understanding the interplay between ZIKV and DENV will be critical in informing public health responses and will be particularly valuable for ZIKV and DENV vaccine design and implementation strategies.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-16
Identifier: 10.1038/cti.2016.72, fgcu_ir_000083, http://doi.wiley.com/10.1038/cti.2016.72
Format: Citation

Title: Carbon Sequestration and Sedimentation in Mangrove Swamps Influenced by Hydrogeomorphic Conditions and Urbanization in Southwest Florida.
Creator: Marchio, Daniel, Savarese, Michael, Bovard, Brian, Mitsch, William
Abstract/Description: This study compares carbon sequestration rates along two independent tidal mangrove creeks near Naples Bay in Southwest Florida, USA. One tidal creek is hydrologically disturbed due to upstream land use changes; the other is an undisturbed reference creek. Soil cores were collected in basin, fringe, and riverine hydrogeomorphic settings along each of the two tidal creeks and analyzed for bulk density, total organic carbon profiles, and sediment accretion. Radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb were...
Show moreThis study compares carbon sequestration rates along two independent tidal mangrove creeks near Naples Bay in Southwest Florida, USA. One tidal creek is hydrologically disturbed due to upstream land use changes; the other is an undisturbed reference creek. Soil cores were collected in basin, fringe, and riverine hydrogeomorphic settings along each of the two tidal creeks and analyzed for bulk density, total organic carbon profiles, and sediment accretion. Radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb were used to estimate recent sediment accretion and carbon sequestration rates. Carbon sequestration rates (mean ± standard error) for seven sites in the two tidal creeks on the Naples Bay (98 ± 12 g-C m−2·year−1 (n = 18)) are lower than published global means for mangrove wetlands, but consistent with other estimates from the same region. Mean carbon sequestration rates in the reference riverine setting were highest (162 ± 5 g-C m−2·year−1), followed by rates in the reference fringe and disturbed riverine settings (127 ± 6 and 125 ± 5 g-C m−2·year−1, respectively). The disturbed fringe sequestered 73 ± 10 g-C m−2·year−1, while rates within the basin settings were 50 ± 4 g-C m−2·year−1 and 47 ± 4 g-C m−2·year−1 for the reference and disturbed creeks, respectively. These data support our hypothesis that mangroves along a hydrologically disturbed tidal creek sequestered less carbon than did mangroves along an adjacent undisturbed reference creek.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-30
Identifier: 10.3390/f7060116, fgcu_ir_000086, http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/7/6/116
Format: Citation

Title: Mechanistic Study of Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Dengue Virus That Target the Fusion Loop.
Creator: Costin, J. M., Zaitseva, E., Kahle, K. M., Nicholson, C. O., Rowe, D. K., Graham, A. S., Bazzone, L. E., Hogancamp, G., Figueroa Sierra, M., Fong, R. H., Yang, S.-T., Lin, L.,...
Show moreCostin, J. M., Zaitseva, E., Kahle, K. M., Nicholson, C. O., Rowe, D. K., Graham, A. S., Bazzone, L. E., Hogancamp, G., Figueroa Sierra, M., Fong, R. H., Yang, S.-T., Lin, L., Robinson, J. E., Doranz, B. J., Chernomordik, L. V., Michael, S. F., Schieffelin, J. S., Isern, S., Scott Michael
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Abstract/Description: There are no available vaccines for dengue, the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease. Mechanistic studies with anti-dengue virus (DENV) human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) provide a rational approach to identify and characterize neu- tralizing epitopes on DENV structural proteins that can serve to inform vaccine strategies. Here, we report a class of hMAbs that is likely to be an important determinant in the human humoral response to DENV infection. In this study, we identified...
Show moreThere are no available vaccines for dengue, the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease. Mechanistic studies with anti-dengue virus (DENV) human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) provide a rational approach to identify and characterize neu- tralizing epitopes on DENV structural proteins that can serve to inform vaccine strategies. Here, we report a class of hMAbs that is likely to be an important determinant in the human humoral response to DENV infection. In this study, we identified and characterized three broadly neutralizing anti-DENV hMAbs: 4.8A, D11C, and 1.6D. These antibodies were isolated from three different convalescent patients with distinct histories of DENV infection yet demonstrated remarkable similarities. All three hMAbs recognized the E glycoprotein with high affinity, neutralized all four serotypes of DENV, and mediated antibody-depen- dent enhancement of infection in Fc receptor-bearing cells at subneutralizing concentrations. The neutralization activities of these hMAbs correlated with a strong inhibition of virus-liposome and intracellular fusion, not virus-cell binding. We mapped epitopes of these antibodies to the highly conserved fusion loop region of E domain II. Mutations at fusion loop residues W101, L107, and/or G109 significantly reduced the binding of the hMAbs to E protein. The results show that hMAbs directed against the highly conserved E protein fusion loop block viral entry downstream of virus-cell binding by inhibiting E protein-mediated fusion. Characterization of hMAbs targeting this region may provide new insights into DENV vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
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Date Issued: 2013-01-01
Identifier: 10.1128/JVI.02273-12, fgcu_ir_000061, http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/doi/10.1128/JVI.02273-12
Format: Citation

Title: Release of Dengue Virus Genome Induced by a Peptide Inhibitor.
Creator: Lok, Shee-Mei, Costin, Joshua M., Hrobowski, Yancey M., Hoffmann, Andrew R., Rowe, Dawne K., Kukkaro, Petra, Holdaway, Heather, Chipman, Paul, Fontaine, Krystal A., Holbrook,...
Show moreLok, Shee-Mei, Costin, Joshua M., Hrobowski, Yancey M., Hoffmann, Andrew R., Rowe, Dawne K., Kukkaro, Petra, Holdaway, Heather, Chipman, Paul, Fontaine, Krystal A., Holbrook, Michael R., Garry, Robert F., Kostyuchenko, Victor, Wimley, William C., Isern, Sharon, Rossmann, Michael G., Michael, Scott F., Lee, Young-Min
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Abstract/Description: Dengue virus infects approximately 100 million people annually, but there is no available therapeutic treatment. The mimetic peptide, DN59, consists of residues corresponding to the membrane interacting, amphipathic stem region of the dengue virus envelope (E) glycoprotein. This peptide is inhibitory to all four serotypes of dengue virus, as well as other flaviviruses. Cryo-electron microscopy image reconstruction of dengue virus particles incubated with DN59 showed that the virus particles...
Show moreDengue virus infects approximately 100 million people annually, but there is no available therapeutic treatment. The mimetic peptide, DN59, consists of residues corresponding to the membrane interacting, amphipathic stem region of the dengue virus envelope (E) glycoprotein. This peptide is inhibitory to all four serotypes of dengue virus, as well as other flaviviruses. Cryo-electron microscopy image reconstruction of dengue virus particles incubated with DN59 showed that the virus particles were largely empty, concurrent with the formation of holes at the five-fold vertices. The release of RNA from the viral particle following incubation with DN59 was confirmed by increased sensitivity of the RNA genome to exogenous RNase and separation of the genome from the E protein in a tartrate density gradient. DN59 interacted strongly with synthetic lipid vesicles and caused membrane disruptions, but was found to be non-toxic to mammalian and insect cells. Thus DN59 inhibits flavivirus infectivity by interacting directly with virus particles resulting in release of the genomic RNA.
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Date Issued: 2012-11-30
Identifier: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050995, fgcu_r_000058, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050995
Format: Citation

Title: Crystal structure of a methimazole-based ionic liquid.
Creator: Gaitor, Jamie C., Zayas, Manuel Sanchez, Myrthil, Darrel J., White, Frankie, Hendrich, Jeffrey M., Sykora, Richard E., O'Brien, Richard A., Reilly, John T., Mirjafari, Arsalan
Abstract/Description: The structure of 1-methyl-2-(prop-2-en-1-ylsulfanyl)-1H- imidazol-3-ium bromide, C7H11N2S+􏰀Br􏰁, has monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H􏰀􏰀􏰀Br and C—H􏰀􏰀􏰀Br hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure of the title compound undeniably proves that methimazole reacts through the thione tautomer, rather than the thiol tautomer in this system.
Date Issued: 2015-12-01
Identifier: 10.1107/S2056989015022136, fgcu_ir_000082, http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S2056989015022136
Format: Citation

Title: Variable Inhibition of Zika Virus Replication by Different Wolbachia Strains in Mosquito Cell Cultures.
Creator: Schultz, Michaela J., Isern, Sharon, Michael, Scott F., Corley, Ronald B., Connor, John H., Frydman, Horacio M., Diamond, Michael S.
Abstract/Description: Mosquito-borne arboviruses are a major source of human disease. One strategy to reduce arbovirus disease is to reduce the mosquito's ability to transmit virus. Mosquito infection with bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis wMel, is a novel strategy to reduce Aedes mosquito competency for flavivirus infection. However, experiments investigating cyclic environmental temperatures have shown a reduction in maternal transmission of wMel potentially weakening the integration of this strain...
Show moreMosquito-borne arboviruses are a major source of human disease. One strategy to reduce arbovirus disease is to reduce the mosquito's ability to transmit virus. Mosquito infection with bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis wMel, is a novel strategy to reduce Aedes mosquito competency for flavivirus infection. However, experiments investigating cyclic environmental temperatures have shown a reduction in maternal transmission of wMel potentially weakening the integration of this strain into a mosquito population relative to other Wolbachia strains. Consequently, it is important to investigate additional Wolbachia strains. All Zika virus (ZIKV) suppression studies are limited to the wMel Wolbachia strain. Here we show ZIKV inhibition by two different Wolbachia strains: wAlbB (isolated from Aedes albopictus mosquitoes) and wStri (isolated from the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus) in mosquito cells. The Wolbachia strain wStri inhibited ZIKV most effectively. Single-cycle infection experiments showed that ZIKV RNA replication and nonstructural protein 5 translation were reduced below the limits of detection in wStri-containing cells, demonstrating early inhibition of virus replication. ZIKV replication was rescued when Wolbachia was inhibited with a bacteriostatic antibiotic. We observed a partial rescue of ZIKV growth when Wolbachia infected cells were supplemented with cholesterol-lipid concentrate, suggesting competition for nutrients as one of the possible mechanisms of Wolbachia inhibition of ZIKV. Our data show that wAlbB and wStri infection causes inhibition of ZIKV making them attractive candidates for further in vitro mechanistic and in vivo studies and future vector-centered approaches to limit ZIKV infection and spread.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-26
Identifier: 10.1128/JVI.00339-17, fgcu_ir_000053, http://jvi.asm.org/lookup/doi/10.1128/JVI.00339-17
Format: Citation

Title: Study of biocatalytic activity of histidine ammonia lyase in protic ionic liquids.
Creator: Reilly, John T., Coats, Michael A., Reardon, Melissa M., Mirjafari, Arsalan
Abstract/Description: The effect of a series of protic ionic liquids on the catalytic activity of histidase (EC 4.3.1.3) using an enzymatic assay that monitored the growth of the trans-urocanic acid peak at 277 nm was studied. Results of the inhibition experiments indicated the that the ionic liquids with chaotropic bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide anion [NTf2−] had a significant stabilizing effect on the catalytic activity, which is reverse of the Hofmeister series.
Date Issued: 2017-10-18
Identifier: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.079, fgcu_ir_001003, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167732217341004
Format: Citation

Title: Differences in the photoacclimation and photoprotection exhibited by two species of the ciguatera causing dinoflagellate genus, Gambierdiscus.
Creator: Leynse, Alexander K., Parsons, Michael L., Thomas, Serge E.
Abstract/Description: In culture, Gambierdiscus spp. have been shown to prefer irradiances that are relatively low (≤250 μmol photons m−2 s−1) versus those to which they are frequently exposed to in their natural environment (>500 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Although several behavioral strategies for coping with such irradiances have been suggested, it is unclear as to how these dinoflagellates do so on a physiological level. More specifically, how do long term exposures (30 days) affect cell size and cellular...
Show moreIn culture, Gambierdiscus spp. have been shown to prefer irradiances that are relatively low (≤250 μmol photons m−2 s−1) versus those to which they are frequently exposed to in their natural environment (>500 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Although several behavioral strategies for coping with such irradiances have been suggested, it is unclear as to how these dinoflagellates do so on a physiological level. More specifically, how do long term exposures (30 days) affect cell size and cellular chlorophyll content, and what is the photosynthetic response to short term, high irradiance exposures (up to 1464 μmol photons m−2 s−1)? The results of this study reveal that cell size and chlorophyll content exhibited by G. carolinianus increased with acclimation to increasing photon flux density. Additionally, both G. carolinianus and G. silvae exhibited reduced photosynthetic efficiency when acclimated to increased photon flux density. Photosynthetic yield exhibited by G. silvae was greater than that for G. carolinianus across all acclimation irradiances. Although such differences were evident, both G. carolinianus and G. silvae appear to have adequate biochemical mechanisms to withstand exposure to irradiances exceeding 250 μmol photons m−2 s−1 for at least short periods of time following acclimation to irradiances of up to 150 μmol photons m−2 s−1.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-13
Identifier: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.008, fgcu_ir_001002, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1568988316301044
Format: Citation

Title: 100 years of ecology: what are our concepts and are they useful?.
Creator: Reiners, William A., Lockwood, Jeffrey A., Reiners, Derek S., Prager, Steven D.
Abstract/Description: On the occasion of the Ecological Society of America's centennial, we sought to learn which ecological concepts members value in terms of their utility. This required defining “concept,” and selecting concepts from current ecology textbooks that might arguably belong to a normative set. All ESA members were invited to participate in an online survey in October 2014 in which they rated 70, randomly selected concepts (out of a total set of 131) in terms of utility. Alternative to rating,...
Show moreOn the occasion of the Ecological Society of America's centennial, we sought to learn which ecological concepts members value in terms of their utility. This required defining “concept,” and selecting concepts from current ecology textbooks that might arguably belong to a normative set. All ESA members were invited to participate in an online survey in October 2014 in which they rated 70, randomly selected concepts (out of a total set of 131) in terms of utility. Alternative to rating, respondents could mark the concept as unfamiliar. Respondents were also able list concepts that were important to them that were not encountered in the survey. Fifteen percent (1324) of the ESA membership participated in the survey. Of these, 89% were addressed in North America, 62% were male, 77% held Ph.D. degrees, 67% were involved in academia through employment or as students, and about one-half of the total were divided between community and ecosystem ecology domains of interest. The 10 highest ranked concepts (in descending order) for utility were scales (small, local, regional, global, etc.), ecosystem, habitat, species, disturbance/perturbation, organism, population, community, competition, and species life history. The 10 lowest ranked concepts (in descending order) for utility were Lotka-Volterra predator–prey/competition models, Allee effect, nutrient spiraling, character displacement, doubling time, climax, Hardy-Weinberg equation, red queen hypothesis, chemoautotroph/chemoautotrophy, and mimicry. Respondents entered 2800 terms not encountered in the survey. After parsing for concepts missed due to the survey's random presentation process, for semantic redundancy and for terms deemed non-concepts, 119 candidate concepts emerged. Many of these deserve consideration for inclusion in a normative set and introduction in textbooks. This research provides a well-considered definition of “concept,” a basis for defining a normative set of concepts expected to be known to all ecologists, and a measure of familiarity but, more importantly, a measure of usage by contemporary ecologists who were members of ESA. These results help us to understand ourselves and our science, to better teach ecology, to guide the initiatives of the collective ecological community, and to further explore the extent and intellectual structure of the principal concepts by which ecologists pursue their work.
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Date Issued: 2017-02-16
Identifier: 10.1002/ecm.1243, fgcu_ir_000050, http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ecm.1243
Format: Citation

Title: Crystal structure of triphenyl(vinyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate.
Creator: Bradfield, Joseph L., Braun, Richard A., White, Frankie, Hendrich, Jeffrey M., Sykora, Richard E., Mirjafari, Arsalan
Abstract/Description: The title ionic salt, C21H20P+􏰀C24H20B􏰁, crystallized with two independent vinyltriphenylphosphonium cations and two independent tetraphenylborate anions per asymmetric unit. These four independent moieties contain nearly perfect tetrahedral symmetry about their respective central C atoms. In the crystal, there are no 􏰄-stacking or other intermolecular interactions present.
Date Issued: 2014-10-01
Identifier: 10.1107/S1600536814021357, fgcu_ir_000075, http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600536814021357
Format: Citation

Title: Evidence of a Late Jurassic Ridge Subduction Event: Geochemistry and Age of the Quartz Mountain Stock, Manastash Inlier, Central Cascades, Washington.
Creator: MacDonald, James H., Schoonmaker, Adam
Abstract/Description: Previous studies of rocks in California and Oregon suggest that a Late Jurassic ridge subduction event occurred. The geology of the Manastash inlier in Washington State supports this Late Jurassic ridge subduction. The biotite horn- blende granodiorite and biotite hornblende tonalite of the Quartz Mountain stock and its cupolas are located in the Manastash inlier, central Cascades, Washington. This stock and its cupolas intrude the low-PT metamorphosed Look- out Mountain Formation turbidites...
Show morePrevious studies of rocks in California and Oregon suggest that a Late Jurassic ridge subduction event occurred. The geology of the Manastash inlier in Washington State supports this Late Jurassic ridge subduction. The biotite horn- blende granodiorite and biotite hornblende tonalite of the Quartz Mountain stock and its cupolas are located in the Manastash inlier, central Cascades, Washington. This stock and its cupolas intrude the low-PT metamorphosed Look- out Mountain Formation turbidites—which are interpreted to have formed in a forearc depositional setting—and the suprasubduction zone Hereford Meadow amphibolite. A new single-crystal sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe– reverse geometry U-Pb age from stock zircons has an age of 157.4 5 1.2 Ma (2j). This new age corroborates the published age from the stock and is interpreted to be the crystallization age of the stock. New whole-rock major- and trace-element geochemistry suggests that the granitoids from this stock were generated by shallow mantle melting in a subduction zone setting. Geochemistry also suggests that the stock assimilated minor amounts of its wall rock and that the cupolas were generated from the same magmatic source as the main phase of the stock. The intrusion of the Quartz Mountain stock into the low-PT turbidites of the Lookout Mountain Formation and the suprasubduction zone Hereford Meadow amphibolite suggest that the magmas were generated by the subduction of a Late Jurassic spread- ing ridge. The geochemistry of the Quartz Mountain stock is similar to that of granitoids of the Taitao Peninsula, Chile, which were generated by the subduction of the Chile ridge during the late Neogene.
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Date Issued: 2017-07
Identifier: 10.1086/692099, fgcu_ir_000056, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/692099
Format: Citation

Title: Sympatric elasmobranchs and fecal samples provide insight into the trophic ecology of the smalltooth sawfish.
Creator: Poulakis, Gregg R, Urakawa, Hidetoshi, Stevens, Philip W., DeAngelo, Jacquelyn A., Timmers, Amy A., Grubbs, R.Dean, Fisk, Aaron T., Olin, Jill A.
Abstract/Description: Growing concerns about the conservation of elasmobranchs have prompted a surge in research, because scientific studies that can support management actions are needed. Sawfishes are among the most threatened fishes worldwide and epitomize the challenge of conserving widely distributed, large-bodied marine fishes. We used a comparative approach to provide data on the trophic ecology of the smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata in the western Atlantic coastal waters of southwest Florida, USA....
Show moreGrowing concerns about the conservation of elasmobranchs have prompted a surge in research, because scientific studies that can support management actions are needed. Sawfishes are among the most threatened fishes worldwide and epitomize the challenge of conserving widely distributed, large-bodied marine fishes. We used a comparative approach to provide data on the trophic ecology of the smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata in the western Atlantic coastal waters of southwest Florida, USA. Specifically, we applied (1) stable isotope techniques to fin tissues of smalltooth sawfish and 2 sympatric elasmobranch species that have well-documented diets (i.e. bull shark Carcharhinus leucas and cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus), and muscle tissue from a variety of known and potential prey species; and (2) an 18S rRNA gene sequencing technique to identify prey taxa in sawfish fecal samples. These analyses provided evidence that the smalltooth sawfish feeds primarily on teleost and elasmobranch fishes at all life stages even though sawfish move from estuarine to coastal habitats during their ontogeny. Although both sawfish and bull sharks occupy estuarine waters as juveniles and are piscivorous, the results also indicate that these species partition habitat. The cownose ray has been thought of as migratory throughout its range, but these data indicate that non-migratory, estuarine populations exist at lower latitudes. Collectively, these results will aid in the development of management decisions regarding these species and in improving long-term recovery planning for the smalltooth sawfish.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-15
Identifier: 10.3354/esr00824, fgcu_ir_000033, http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v32/p491-506/
Format: Citation

Title: A co-crystal of 1,10-phenanthroline with boric acid: a novel aza-aromatic complex.
Creator: Mirjafari, Arsalan, Pham, Lam, Smith, Philip J., Sykora, Richard E., Davis, James H.
Abstract/Description: The title compound, C12H8N2·2B(OH)3, is best described as a host-guest complex in which the B(OH)3 mol-ecules form a hydrogen-bonded cyclic network of layers parallel to the ab plane into which the 1,10-phenanthroline mol-ecules are bound. An extensive network of hydrogen bonds are responsible for the crystal stability. No π-stacking inter-actions occur between the 1,10-phenanthroline mol-ecules.
Date Issued: 2013-07-15
Identifier: 10.1107/S1600536813015134, fgcu_ir_000067, http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600536813015134
Format: Citation

Title: Law Enforcement Officers: Their Perception of Personal Safety and Job Performance.
Creator: Barringer, Tony, Thomas, David
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this article is fourfold: (1) to emphasize the role of community policing as an important faction of society, (2) to examine officers’ perceptions of their personal safety while performing their daily job/tasks, (3) to explore how the perceptions of the officers perceivably affect their ability to be effective and efficient while performing their jobs, and (4) to examine the extent of officer tragedy taking place in American society. We propose a model that will assist agencies...
Show moreThe purpose of this article is fourfold: (1) to emphasize the role of community policing as an important faction of society, (2) to examine officers’ perceptions of their personal safety while performing their daily job/tasks, (3) to explore how the perceptions of the officers perceivably affect their ability to be effective and efficient while performing their jobs, and (4) to examine the extent of officer tragedy taking place in American society. We propose a model that will assist agencies in providing optimal training that could serve to make officers feel safer while performing commendable work. Community policing is defined by Meese (1994) and Moore & Trojanowicz (1988) as the use of sophisticated investigative problem solving techniques while interacting cooperatively with community institutions such as families, schools, neighborhood associations, merchant groups, and social service agencies to create safe secure communities. Although the primary responsibility of officers is to serve, protect, and create a safe community, Clarke and Zak (1999) suggested that in every community in the United States, law enforcement personnel and firefighters regularly put their lives in harm’s way to protect the public. The authors went on to suggest that the risk of a fatal incident for law enforcement personnel and firefighters is three times greater than for all other workers. Although we are intrigued with officer/community interaction(s), this work focuses primarily on police safety.
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Date Issued: 2007-05-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000102
Format: Citation

Title: Answering the Call for More Minority Police Officers: What Barriers Ring Out?.
Creator: Barringer, Tony, Thomas, David
Abstract/Description: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2004), there are 836,787 full-time, sworn, law enforcement officers serving in the United States. Of the 836,787 listed, 731,903 worked at the local and state level(s) and the remaining 104,884 worked in federal agencies. The Bureau also disclosed that of the federal officers, 33.2% were members of racial or ethnic minority groups. In regards to the local and state agencies, 42.4% were members of ethnic or racial minority groups. The above...
Show moreAccording to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2004), there are 836,787 full-time, sworn, law enforcement officers serving in the United States. Of the 836,787 listed, 731,903 worked at the local and state level(s) and the remaining 104,884 worked in federal agencies. The Bureau also disclosed that of the federal officers, 33.2% were members of racial or ethnic minority groups. In regards to the local and state agencies, 42.4% were members of ethnic or racial minority groups. The above numbers look encouraging until there is greater scrutiny on factors such as community populous and future projections. The America.gov website (2008) projects that by 2042, minorities, collectively, will make up more than 50.0% of the U.S. population. That is compared to the current 32.0% that currently makes up the minority population. Another problem with taking the above numbers as true representation is that many communities are still “segregated,” thus we have a high concentration of minorities in some neighborhoods. With that high concentration, it could be expected that a high number of minority officers would be needed in order to maintain fair representation in that community. Also, the high concentration of minorities should influence/increase the number of applicants from minority groups. Saltzstein (1989) suggested that a high African-American population in a city means more minority candidates are going to apply for and be selected to receive a police officer’s job notwithstanding any other factors that may come into play. Saltzstein went on to offer that the African-American population in a city was the strongest predictor of the increase in the hiring of African-American officers. Although Saltzstien provides some very valuable insight(s), his offerings implicitly discount the importance of other factors argued to be significant in minority inclusion in American policing. The authors will examine select law enforcement agencies in the State of Florida in order to glean what factors play a significant role in minority applicants securing or not securing jobs in law enforcement.
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Date Issued: 2009-03-01
Identifier: fgcu_ir_000104
Format: Citation

Title: The Curious Case of Goldenhar-Gorlin Syndrome: Identification and Skeletal Manifestation.
Creator: Lopez, Dayanira, Walsh-Haney, Heather, FGCU Research Day
Abstract/Description: Goldenhar-Gorlin Syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia (OAVD), is a congenital disease characterized by malformations of several facial bones and the vertebral column. In some cases, there may be complete absence of different skeletal elements, as well as poor development of external processes such as the ear. Previous research has identified the dysplasia of the first and second branchial arches, important in the development of the jaws in utero, in relation to the...
Show moreGoldenhar-Gorlin Syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia (OAVD), is a congenital disease characterized by malformations of several facial bones and the vertebral column. In some cases, there may be complete absence of different skeletal elements, as well as poor development of external processes such as the ear. Previous research has identified the dysplasia of the first and second branchial arches, important in the development of the jaws in utero, in relation to the expression of this syndrome. Clinical diagnoses range between 1:3500 and 1:5600 live births with a male to female ratio of 3:27. However, in a forensic setting, the lack of such a unique diagnosis can make proper identification of this syndrome difficult for law enforcement and medical examiner personnel. In death investigations, the role of the forensic anthropologist is to evaluate skeletal remains for any evidence of antemortem (in-life), perimortem (at or around the time of death) or postmortem (after death) changes, as well as to recreate the biological story of an individual. To do so, it is important that we can identify (and differentiate) distinct antemortem pathologies, such as Goldenhar-Gorlin Syndrome, to add strength to the biological story of an individual, while assisting law enforcement and medical examiner personnel in an identification. In the present case study, skeletal analysis coupled with an ethnoforensic anthropological interview was conducted for an individual with clinical diagnosis of Goldenhar-Gorlin Syndrome. The remains were donated to the Human Identity and Trauma Analysis program at Florida Gulf Coast University as an anatomical gift for teaching and research purposes in accordance with the provisions of Florida Statutes section 765.510, et seq. The ability to conduct such a thorough investigation is one not encountered very frequently and will edify the scientific community in identifying the unique expression of this pathology on the human skeleton in its various forms.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: fgcu_UGR_0072
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The viability of an ecologically valid chronic sleep restriction and circadian timing protocol: An examination of sample attrition, compliance, and effectiveness at impacting sleepiness and mood.
Creator: Dickinson, David L., Drummond, Sean P. A., McElroy, Todd, Rao, Hengyi
Abstract/Description: Chronic sleep restriction (SR) increases sleepiness, negatively impacts mood, and impairs a variety of cognitive performance measures. The vast majority of work establishing these effects are tightly controlled in-lab experimental studies. Examining commonly-experienced levels of SR in naturalistic settings is more difficult and generally involves observational methods, rather than active manipulations of sleep. The same is true for analyzing behav- ioral and cognitive outcomes at circadian...
Show moreChronic sleep restriction (SR) increases sleepiness, negatively impacts mood, and impairs a variety of cognitive performance measures. The vast majority of work establishing these effects are tightly controlled in-lab experimental studies. Examining commonly-experienced levels of SR in naturalistic settings is more difficult and generally involves observational methods, rather than active manipulations of sleep. The same is true for analyzing behav- ioral and cognitive outcomes at circadian unfavorable times. The current study tested the ability of an at-home protocol to manipulate sleep schedules (i.e., impose SR), as well as create a mismatch between a subject’s circadian preference and time of testing. Viability of the protocol was assessed via completion, compliance with the SR, and success at manipu- lating sleepiness and mood. An online survey was completed by 3630 individuals to assess initial eligibility, 256 agreed via email response to participate in the 3-week study, 221 showed for the initial in-person session, and 184 completed the protocol (175 with complete data). The protocol consisted of 1 week at-home SR (5-6 hours in bed/night), 1 week wash- out, and 1 week well-rested (WR: 8-9 hours in bed/night). Sleep was monitored with actigra- phy, diary, and call-ins. Risk management strategies were implemented for subject safety. At the end of each experimental week, subjects reported sleepiness and mood ratings. Pro- tocol completion was 83%, with lower depression scores, higher anxiety scores, and morn- ing session assignment predicting completion. Compliance with the sleep schedule was also very good. Subjects spent approximately 2 hours less time in bed/night and obtained an average of 1.5 hours less nightly sleep during SR, relative to WR, with 82% of subjects obtaining at least 60 minutes less average nightly sleep. Sleepiness and mood were impacted as expected by SR. These findings show the viability of studying experimental chronic sleep restriction outside the laboratory, assuming appropriate safety precautions are taken, thus allowing investigators to significantly increase ecological validity over strictly controlled in-lab studies.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-20
Identifier: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174367, fgcu_ir_000077, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174367
Format: Citation

Title: Monitoring Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Concentrations Using Satellite Imagery: A Case Study From The West Florida Shelf.
Creator: Krueger, Erica Terese, Jose, Felix
Abstract/Description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) from Karenia brevis occur along the west Florida shelf (WFS) almost every year, producing a brevetoxin that is harmful to birds, fish, marine mammals, shellfish, and humans. These HABs are commonly known as “red tide” from the reddish discoloration in the water, but color can vary from yellow to deep brown depending on other parameters. Ocean color data is a viable tool for monitoring outbreaks of these ecological phenomena. 2010 was an “anomaly year”, having no...
Show moreHarmful algal blooms (HABs) from Karenia brevis occur along the west Florida shelf (WFS) almost every year, producing a brevetoxin that is harmful to birds, fish, marine mammals, shellfish, and humans. These HABs are commonly known as “red tide” from the reddish discoloration in the water, but color can vary from yellow to deep brown depending on other parameters. Ocean color data is a viable tool for monitoring outbreaks of these ecological phenomena. 2010 was an “anomaly year”, having no red tide blooms. Using remote sensing images to analyze sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll concentrations (Chl-a), spatial and temporal variability, along with interannual variability, was denoted for the WFS. Using Google Earth®, 24 transects were established along the WFS, which extend from a known coastal station to the shelf break, and were then separated into North and South Transects. SST and Chl-a were averaged for further analysis at 5km, 50km and the shelf break, respectively. SST stayed relatively constant from shore to shelf break, while Chl-a consistently decreased. The presence of the Loop Current with its warm water loop attributed to nutrient depleted waters offshore, ultimately resulting in poor primary productivity along the shelf break.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: fgcu_surs_17_0028
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Coastal Inundation Research:An overview of the Process.
Creator: Gayathri, R., Bhaskaran, Prasad K., Jose, Felix
Abstract/Description: Coastal inundation is the flooding of coastal zone resulting from increased river discharge, spring tides, severe storms, or generation of powerful waves from tectonic activity (tsunami). This article discusses the critical factors that contribute to coastal inundation. Among the probable factors that cause coastal flooding and destruction, storm surge is the most frequent, and hence this article provides a detailed evaluation of the progress made in storm inundation research. Recent advances...
Show moreCoastal inundation is the flooding of coastal zone resulting from increased river discharge, spring tides, severe storms, or generation of powerful waves from tectonic activity (tsunami). This article discusses the critical factors that contribute to coastal inundation. Among the probable factors that cause coastal flooding and destruction, storm surge is the most frequent, and hence this article provides a detailed evaluation of the progress made in storm inundation research. Recent advances in coastal inundation modelling include efforts to understand the nonlinear dynamic interaction of near-shore waves, wind and atmospheric pressure with still water sea level and coastal currents, and their combined effects on storm surge along the coast and interaction with coastal morphology. An advanced storm-surge model comprises different modules, viz. an atmospheric component, and two ocean components for surge and wave simulations; these modules are coupled with each other. The nesting of regional coastal model with an ocean-wide model captures the far-field boundary forcing of extreme events that usually originate from the warm open ocean. Even though significant advancements reported on the efficiency and accuracy of storm surge and inundation prediction, further studies are required to understand the nonlinear interaction of storm surge with coastal landforms and their vegetation (land cover). In the context of rising sea level, increased tropical cyclone activity and rapid shoreline change, it is pertinent to evaluate the future flooding risk associated with landfall of tropical cyclones in densely populated coastal cities.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-25
Identifier: 10.18520/cs/v112/i02/267-278, fgcu_ir_000085, http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/112/02/0267.pdf
Format: Citation

Title: Everyday Problem Solving and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Support for Domain Specificity.
Creator: Kimbler, Kristopher
Abstract/Description: Research suggests that performance on cognitive tasks resembling daily challenges (i.e., everyday problem-solving tasks) may be a better indicator of functional ability in old age compared to traditional measures of cognitive ability. Findings demonstrating this link, however, have yielded mixed results. The current study examined performance on the Everyday Problems Test (EPT) and self-reported ability to perform Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) in a sample of adults over age...
Show moreResearch suggests that performance on cognitive tasks resembling daily challenges (i.e., everyday problem-solving tasks) may be a better indicator of functional ability in old age compared to traditional measures of cognitive ability. Findings demonstrating this link, however, have yielded mixed results. The current study examined performance on the Everyday Problems Test (EPT) and self-reported ability to perform Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) in a sample of adults over age 50. The EPT measures cognitive performance on tasks with domains consistent with IADLs (telephone use, shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, transportation, health and finances). Although overall EPT scores and self-reported IADLs were significantly related (rs = 0.20; p < 0.05), additional analyses revealed that domain-specific EPT performance related to IADL reports within the same domain for shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, and financial management after accounting for other variables such as age, sex, and measures of cognitive ability including total EPT score. These findings suggest that domain-specific performance on cognitive everyday problem-solving tasks may add to the predictability of specific IADLs.
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Date Issued: 2013-03-07
Identifier: 10.3390/bs3010170, fgcu_r_000064, http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/1/170
Format: Citation

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