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Cheerleading: A Comprehensive Study of Biomechanics, Common Injuries, Prevention and Rehabilitation of Injuries
Title
Cheerleading: A Comprehensive Study of Biomechanics, Common Injuries, Prevention and Rehabilitation of Injuries.
Creator
Machuca, Christina Nicole
Abstract / Description
Cheerleading is now a competitive sport that continues to gain popularity all over the world, not just in the United States.1As the sport evolves to include a higher number of participants and more complex routines, incorporating increasingly risky maneuvers, there is potential for a higher incidence of injury in athletes participating in this sport.2 This Independent Study will assist in the development of knowledge in the sport of cheerleading, the biomechanics and proper technique for...
Show moreCheerleading is now a competitive sport that continues to gain popularity all over the world, not just in the United States.1As the sport evolves to include a higher number of participants and more complex routines, incorporating increasingly risky maneuvers, there is potential for a higher incidence of injury in athletes participating in this sport.2 This Independent Study will assist in the development of knowledge in the sport of cheerleading, the biomechanics and proper technique for completing various stunts; common mechanisms of injury and types of injuries that cheerleaders incur; prescribing or implementing resistance training (RT) programs which would increase the cheerleader's preparedness (addressing power, strength, flexibility, and endurance) and reduce the athlete's risk for injury. In addition, appropriate therapeutic exercises for rehabilitation of injured athletes in order to "return to play" as early and as safely as possible are discussed along with how various surfaces affect the probability of incurring a catastrophic injury and to be able to suggest appropriate training/competition surfaces for various types of routines. Because injury prevention begins with an athlete being in adequate physical condition for sport performance, this study will include parameters for a periodized resistance training program designed for a high school competitive cheerleader. Incorporated within the paper will be a case study describing the mechanism of injury of a professional cheerleader as well as risk management techniques to address injury prevention. By conducting a thorough investigation of all of the above topics related to competitive cheerleading and being proactive on educating the cheerleading community, it is hoped that safer conditions for athletes and a reduction of the incidence of injury in this athletic population can be made.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
Machuca_fgcu_1743_10039
Format
Document (PDF)
The Functional Movement Screen and Injury Prevalence in Collegiate Athletes
Title
The Functional Movement Screen and Injury Prevalence in Collegiate Athletes.
Creator
Joslin, Allison
Abstract / Description
Introduction. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is an evaluation tool that was created to help health care professionals assess an individual’s functional movement patterns. Research has demonstrated a cutoff FMS score associated with increased risk of injury and this finding has led to interest in utilizing the FMS for guiding preventative measures for athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine if FMS scores could predict injury occurrence in Division I collegiate female...
Show moreIntroduction. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is an evaluation tool that was created to help health care professionals assess an individual’s functional movement patterns. Research has demonstrated a cutoff FMS score associated with increased risk of injury and this finding has led to interest in utilizing the FMS for guiding preventative measures for athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine if FMS scores could predict injury occurrence in Division I collegiate female swimmers, divers, and cheerleaders during one competitive athletic season. A total of forty-eight (n=48) NCAA Division I female athletes were included in this study. Methods. Athletes were screened at the beginning of their respective athletic seasons utilizing the standardized FMS kit, verbal instructions, and grading criteria. Injuries were recorded by the team athletic trainers over fifteen weeks. Injury data was analyzed and correlated with composite FMS scores. Results. FMS scoring ranges from 0-21 with 21 indicating all movements were performed appropriately, without pain and no asymmetries observed. Participants in this study scored composite FMS scores ranging from 8 to 18 with a mean FMS score of 13.9 ± 2.26 for all (n=48) participants. Specifically, cheerleaders mean score was 14.4 ± 1.70 and swimmers and divers mean score was 13.6 ± 2.41 respectively. Sixteen total injuries occurred during the 15 week study. Logistic regression analysis concluded that FMS scores were not a significant predictor (p=0.927) of injury and no cutoff score signified an increased risk for injury. With a FMS score of 14, logit(p) =.335 (for sustaining an injury) which indicated that this FMS score would inaccurately predict an injury. The calculated odds ratio (B=1.013) indicated that the odds of sustaining an injury or not sustaining an injury were equally likely. Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, composite FMS scores should not be utilized to predict risk of injury in female division I collegiate swimmers, divers, and cheerleaders. However, data analysis revealed unique patterns amongst individual component scores of the FMS. Further research is needed to determine if the individualized results from component scores can be correlated with risk of injury or utilized as a framework for developing customized therapy or training.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
Joslin_fgcu_1743_10179
Format
Document (PDF)
USING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN (FMS) TO PREDICT INJURY IN CROSSFIT® ATHLETES
Title
USING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN (FMS) TO PREDICT INJURY IN CROSSFIT® ATHLETES.
Creator
LaFontaine, Emily Jean, Serenko, Jessica, Marieb College of Health & Human Services
Abstract / Description
Background: CrossFit® training has become an increasingly popular trend in the fitness world, with the potential to be an effective form of training for athletes involved in a variety of sports. One criticism of CrossFit® training, however, has been that the relatively intense CrossFit® workouts put athletes at a significant risk of injury. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a system that challenges and assesses an individual’s fundamental movement patterns to measure the stability and...
Show moreBackground: CrossFit® training has become an increasingly popular trend in the fitness world, with the potential to be an effective form of training for athletes involved in a variety of sports. One criticism of CrossFit® training, however, has been that the relatively intense CrossFit® workouts put athletes at a significant risk of injury. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a system that challenges and assesses an individual’s fundamental movement patterns to measure the stability and mobility of the entire body. Since any area of the body that is not performing under optimal stability or mobility is at risk for injury, it is the goal of FMS to pinpoint any weaknesses within a dynamic and functional setting. Many movement patterns required in CrossFit® utilize components of the individual FMS test positions. Objective: To determine if a correlation exists between the FMS and increased risk for injury during CrossFit® training. Methods: A cohort study was conducted on 24 CrossFit® athletes from a CrossFit® affiliate in Southwest Florida, ages 20 to 49. The athletes were assessed using the FMS screen, then observed for ten weeks tracking for injuries. Results: After running statistical analysis on our data, it could not be determined whether FMS scores were a valid predictor of increased risk of injury in CrossFit® athletes. Conclusion: Further research should be conducted to determine the validity of using the FMS to determine CrossFit® athletes that are at increased risk of injury. Due to limitations of having a small sample size, only tracking volunteers from a single location over a short window of time, using self-reported data, and participants having an inconsistent understanding of injury despite being given a standard definition to be used for the study, the researchers were not able to determine a statistically significant relationship between incidence of injury of FMS scores in CrossFit® athletes.
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Date Issued
2017-04-26
Identifier
LaFontaine_fgcu_1743_10233
Format
Document (PDF)