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- Title
- Exercises Tailored to Meet the Needs of Submarine Pitchers.
- Creator
-
Mullaney, Kurtis
- Abstract / Description
-
Background: In order to remain healthy while performing at a high level, athletes must exercise in a manner that is functional and translatable to the movement being produced during sport. In order to accomplish this, exercises are often modified to meet the specific demands of different sporting activities. Purpose: Although many studies have been performed on several aspects of baseball pitching, few studies have focused on the submarine pitcher. This pilot study investigated the difference...
Show moreBackground: In order to remain healthy while performing at a high level, athletes must exercise in a manner that is functional and translatable to the movement being produced during sport. In order to accomplish this, exercises are often modified to meet the specific demands of different sporting activities. Purpose: Although many studies have been performed on several aspects of baseball pitching, few studies have focused on the submarine pitcher. This pilot study investigated the difference in the activation patterns of select muscles for subjects conducting two exercises: the cable retraction with external rotation exercise and the modified version of the same exercise, which had been tailored to the submarine pitcher. The following research was performed to advance the literature devoted to the specific needs of submarine pitchers, and to raise awareness on the lack of literature devoted to this style of throwing. Subjects: 16 healthy males ages 18-35 with previous high school, college, and/or professional baseball experience participated in this study. Methods: Each subject was observed performing five repetitions of the two exercises, while motion and muscle activation patterns of the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, the middle trapezius, and the lower trapezius were captured using the Qualisys Motion Capture System in conjunction with the Noraxon SEMG system. Results: No significant differences were found between the two exercises in terms of muscle activation patterns of the four muscles being studied. A positive correlation was found between the muscle activation patterns of the two exercises, indicating that both exercises may accomplish the same goal when it comes to strengthening the four targeted muscles. A significant difference was found in the angle of abduction in which peak muscle activation occurred for the posterior deltoid (13°), the middle trapezius (17°), and lower trapezius (14°).
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- Mullaney_fgcu_1743_10120
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- EXERCISES TAILORED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF SUBMARINE PITCHERS.
- Creator
-
Klein, Michael
- Abstract / Description
-
Background: In order to remain healthy while performing at a high level, athletes must exercise in a manner that is functional and translatable to the movement being produced during sport. In order to accomplish this, exercises are often modified to meet the specific demands of different sporting activities. Purpose: Although many studies have been performed on several aspects of baseball pitching, few studies have focused on the submarine pitcher. This pilot study investigated the difference...
Show moreBackground: In order to remain healthy while performing at a high level, athletes must exercise in a manner that is functional and translatable to the movement being produced during sport. In order to accomplish this, exercises are often modified to meet the specific demands of different sporting activities. Purpose: Although many studies have been performed on several aspects of baseball pitching, few studies have focused on the submarine pitcher. This pilot study investigated the difference in the activation patterns of select muscles for subjects conducting two exercises: the cable retraction with external rotation exercise and the modified version of the same exercise, which had been tailored to the submarine pitcher. The following research was performed to advance the literature devoted to the specific needs of submarine pitchers, and to raise awareness on the lack of literature devoted to this style of throwing. Subjects: 16 healthy males ages 18-35 with previous high school, college, and/or professional baseball experience participated in this study. Methods: Each subject was observed performing five repetitions of the two exercises, while motion and muscle activation patterns of the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, the middle trapezius, and the lower trapezius were captured using the Qualisys Motion Capture System in conjunction with the Noraxon SEMG system. Results: No significant differences were found between the two exercises in terms of muscle activation patterns of the four muscles being studied. A positive correlation was found between the muscle activation patterns of the two exercises, indicating that both exercises may accomplish the same goal when it comes to strengthening the four targeted muscles. A significant difference was found in the angle of abduction in which peak muscle activation occurred for the posterior deltoid (13°), the middle trapezius (17°), and lower trapezius (14°).
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- Klein_fgcu_1743_10122
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Shoulder Strength and Conditioning for Injury Prevention in Baseball Players.
- Creator
-
Jones, Kevin Thomas
- Abstract / Description
-
According to a survey completed by the National Federation of State High School Associations, baseball is the third most popular boys sport played. In the 2012-2013 year season, 15,632 schools played high school baseball across America. These schools' teams were comprised of 474,791 student athletes. A recent study reports that 63.3% of injuries in high school baseball are to the upper extremity. (Shanley, Rauh, Michener, & Ellenbecker, 2011). Bonza, Fields, Yard, and Comstock (2009) reported...
Show moreAccording to a survey completed by the National Federation of State High School Associations, baseball is the third most popular boys sport played. In the 2012-2013 year season, 15,632 schools played high school baseball across America. These schools' teams were comprised of 474,791 student athletes. A recent study reports that 63.3% of injuries in high school baseball are to the upper extremity. (Shanley, Rauh, Michener, & Ellenbecker, 2011). Bonza, Fields, Yard, and Comstock (2009) reported that 17.7% of high school baseball players injure their shoulders. This is a greatest percentage of injuries among baseball players. It is for this reason that shoulder injury prevention is of the upmost importance for baseball pitchers. This following scholarly paper provides a review of the phases of the baseball pitch including the structural and muscular requirements of each phase. The paper also reviews current literature used to produce an evidence based shoulder strength and conditioning program that may be implemented by institutions with limited financial resources, limited facilities, and without a qualified strength and conditioning professional. The case report describes how this program was implemented as part of the overall strength and conditioning program used during the fall baseball season at Gordon State College in Barnesville, GA. The development of the shoulder strength and condition program took into account current research as well as the financial and equipment limitations, availability of qualified strength and conditioning professionals, and training time allotted for the strength and conditioning of National Junior College Athletic Association student athletes.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- Jones_fgcu_1743_10060
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- ULTRASOUND IMAGING TO EVALUATE ACUTE ADAPTATIONS OF THE MEDIAL ELBOW JOINT COMPLEX IN COLLEGE BASEBALL PITCHERS.
- Creator
-
Lynch, Kevin Patrick
- Abstract / Description
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Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging (MSKUI) has become an increasing studied assessment tool in orthopedic sports medicine. Several studies have investigated ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) integrity and morphology in the throwing arm of baseball players with MSKUI. Research data has indicated that UCL thickening and medial joint space (MJS) widening occurs in athletes during sustained competition. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine acute UCL thickness and MJS adaptations in the...
Show moreMusculoskeletal ultrasound imaging (MSKUI) has become an increasing studied assessment tool in orthopedic sports medicine. Several studies have investigated ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) integrity and morphology in the throwing arm of baseball players with MSKUI. Research data has indicated that UCL thickening and medial joint space (MJS) widening occurs in athletes during sustained competition. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine acute UCL thickness and MJS adaptations in the throwing arm of Division I collegiate baseball pitchers with MSKUI following one in-game performance. Methods: This was a non-experimental descriptive quantitative repeated measures study in which ten NCAA Division I collegiate baseball pitchers (mean age 20.4 ± 1.4 yrs) with no history of significant upper extremity injuries participated. Musculoskeletal ultrasound images were obtained with a GE LOGIQ e ultrasound unit before and immediately after (< 15 minutes) pitching performance during each subject’s first game of the season. A 3 kg valgus force was applied with a handheld dynamometer (Hoggan Scientific microFET 2) 20 cm distal to the medial epicondyle of the throwing arm during imaging. Post-imaging ligament thickness measurements were performed at the mid-substance of UCL and at the apex of the trochlea. Post-imaging MJS width measurements were performed from the apex of the trochlea to the apex of the ulna. Maximum power Doppler imaging quantification (PDIQ) ratios were also assessed to measure localized perfusion changes. Changes in UCL thickness (mid-substance and apex of the trochlea), MJS width, max PDIQ ratio, along with mid-substance to trochlea ratio and the PDIQ area assessed were analyzed using paired samples t-tests. Results: There was no significant difference in mid-substance UCL thickness width before (5.72 ± 0.7mm) and after performance (5.70 ± 0.7mm; t (9)= .36, p = .73). With respect to apex of trochlea UCL thickness, no significant differences were found before (2.67 ± 0.7mm) and after (2.61 ± 0.6mm; t (9)= 1.30, p = .23) performance. When assessing MJS, a significant change of ~4% was observed before (6.30 ± 1.5mm) and after (6.60 ± 1.5mm; t (9)= -3.70; p= .005). There was no significant difference in max PDIQ ratio before (.08 ± .06) and after (.22 ± .29; t (9)= -1.37; p= .20) performance. Controlling for the pitch count [F (1,9) = .17, p = .69], innings pitched [F (1,9) = .06, p = .81], and change in max PDIQ ratio [F (1,9) = .18, p = .68] did not affect change in MJS. Discussion: While there was a significant change in MJS, there were no significant UCL thickness changes following first competitive play of the season. Increase in MJS width is likely attributed to increased tissue extensibility due to temperature and circulation increases during sport participation but more research is needed to explore this relationship. Conclusion: A significant MJS widening did occur after one pitching outing at the start of the season; whereas, no changes were observed in UCL thickness measured at two different locations or in local perfusion as measured by PDIQ. Further research is needed to understand the etiology of increased medial elbow joint widening in pitchers following competition at the start of the collegiate baseball season.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-07-19
- Identifier
- fgcu_ETD_0247
- Format
- Document (PDF)