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Title: Functional Movement Index as a New Provider-Driven Tool for Calculating Disability in the Low Back Pain Population.
Creator: Reid, Thomas Matthew
Abstract/Description: Objective: In today's ever changing healthcare environment, there is a growing need for outcomes collection. The benefits range from analyzing the success of physical therapy in practice to reporting to insurance agencies for reimbursement. In the low back pain population, outcomes are primarily collected through patient-driven tools with few provider-driven tools available to the clinician. The purpose of this case report is to define a new provider-driven outcome tool for the assessment of...
Show moreObjective: In today's ever changing healthcare environment, there is a growing need for outcomes collection. The benefits range from analyzing the success of physical therapy in practice to reporting to insurance agencies for reimbursement. In the low back pain population, outcomes are primarily collected through patient-driven tools with few provider-driven tools available to the clinician. The purpose of this case report is to define a new provider-driven outcome tool for the assessment of disability in patients with low back pain. Measurement Tool: The tool named Functional Movement Index (FMI) has five movements consisting of sit-to-stand, step up, lateral duck under, kneeling, and overhead reach. Each movement has a calculated starting point and is measured on a 0-5 point scale ranging from no disability to maximum disability or unable to perform. Method: Two patients with chronic low back pain were selected for the first administration of the FMI tool and also filled out the Oswestry Disability Index for comparison. Each patient was tested on the FMI and ODI at the time of their initial visit, performed physical therapy 2 times per week for 4 weeks, and retested during their eighth and final visit. Findings: Patient number one had a 20% improvement on the FMI compared to 22% on the ODI. Patient number two had a 12% improvement on the FMI compared to a 6% improvement on the ODI. Discussion: This is the first use of the FMI in clinical practice. There were similar scores between the ODI and the FMI with patient number one, but different scores with patient number two. These differences may be the result of the measurement of a new dimension of function. Future research is needed to determine the best movements for testing, proper scoring procedures, establishing test reliability, and whether or not this is a valid instrument for clinical practice.
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Identifier: Reid_fgcu_1743_10098
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM: PARENTAL VIEW ON EFFICACY OF GPS TRACKING DEVICES FOR CHILDREN’S MOVEMENT.
Creator: Albu, Gabriela
Abstract/Description: This study was designed to identify how likely will parents or caregivers use a GPS device (Global Positioning System) for prepubescent children for safety purposes. This original research could be a step closer to child safety and prevention from children going missing. Studies show that the first three hours are the most critical when trying to locate a missing child, and death most likely occurs in the first three hours of the abduction. Previous research on GPS tracking devices for...
Show moreThis study was designed to identify how likely will parents or caregivers use a GPS device (Global Positioning System) for prepubescent children for safety purposes. This original research could be a step closer to child safety and prevention from children going missing. Studies show that the first three hours are the most critical when trying to locate a missing child, and death most likely occurs in the first three hours of the abduction. Previous research on GPS tracking devices for children emerged into trust issues, device performances, child's location-time pattern, the evolution of technology used from an infant to the prepubescent, or understanding children's everyday mobility. No research has been done in U.S. on parental view on GPS devices for child protection when they travel or spend time unescorted. This study analyzed 101 surveys completed by parents or caregivers of children age 6 to 11 years old. As an instrument of measurement, the researcher used a survey addressed to parents of school children 6 to 11 years old, which was distributed through the Survey Monkey Audience website. The majority of the participants in this study is not using a device for child safety (81%). In contrast with the results of the study conducted in the UK (Vasalou, Oostveen, and Joinson, 2012), where parents willing to use these technologies with their children were a minority, whereas in U.S., parents or caregivers willing to use GPS devices for child safety were not a minority (83%). About 50% of the total respondents reported that it is very or somewhat likely to use a monitoring device for child safety. Still, there is a lack of parental knowledge about the GPS devices designed for child safety (33% are familiar with these devices). This study could be a contribution to the body of knowledge working to protect children. Could be a reference for parents to better understand the functionality of these devices, and for tracking device manufacturers to acknowledge and adapt the products to consumer's necessity. This study could be used as a reference for other researchers that are going to complete work in this area of study.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Albu__fgcu_1743_10193
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Golf Specific Physical Therapy for Performance and Injury Prevention.
Creator: Esperon, Daniel Marc
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this case study is to discuss and establish evidence to support and further the field of golf fitness and physical therapy. The ultimate goal for a golfer is to achieve proper speed, accuracy and consistency by bringing a large number of segments into action in the correct sequence. Physical limitations in the areas of mobility, flexibility, stability and strength can limit the ability of the golfer to execute a biomechanically efficient golf swing. Most of the game's best...
Show moreThe purpose of this case study is to discuss and establish evidence to support and further the field of golf fitness and physical therapy. The ultimate goal for a golfer is to achieve proper speed, accuracy and consistency by bringing a large number of segments into action in the correct sequence. Physical limitations in the areas of mobility, flexibility, stability and strength can limit the ability of the golfer to execute a biomechanically efficient golf swing. Most of the game's best athletes are currently redefining golf to include not only golf professionals, but health professionals as well. Case patient is a 62 year old male who has been playing golf for 20 years. Prior to initiating programming, the patient's chief complaint was bilateral hip pain and muscular restriction feeling when performing physical activity. The patient experienced intermittent pain in bilateral hips which was exacerbated with axial loading and during rotational movements in standing. A 20-week periodized program designed to fulfill all necessary aspects of golf specific strength and conditioning was used. Flexibility and strengthening were highlighted in this program. Lower body stability accomplished through hip balance and strengthening exercises coupled with tissue extensibility techniques were used in the program. By week 10, the patient was able to complete a full round of golf with minimal to no pain in bilateral hips.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Esperon_fgcu_1743_10050
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Health Promotion and Wellness in Bariatric Individuals: Benefits of Physical Therapy.
Creator: Smith, Matthew Kent
Abstract/Description: Background and Purpose: In order to address the epidemic of obesity and the many comorbidities often associated with this condition, physical therapists possess expertise applicably suited to facilitate individuals with elevated body mass pursue health and wellness. Case Description: The patient was a 45 year old male who was 179.07 cm tall and weighed 138.44 kg, for a total of 43.2 on the Body Mass Index (BMI) scale, upon the initial evaluation. A Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)...
Show moreBackground and Purpose: In order to address the epidemic of obesity and the many comorbidities often associated with this condition, physical therapists possess expertise applicably suited to facilitate individuals with elevated body mass pursue health and wellness. Case Description: The patient was a 45 year old male who was 179.07 cm tall and weighed 138.44 kg, for a total of 43.2 on the Body Mass Index (BMI) scale, upon the initial evaluation. A Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) showed 34.5% body fat upon entering the intervention. The patient demonstrated a sedentary lifestyle prior to the initial encounter. The patient was previously diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). His pharmacological profile included a beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, and an ACE inhibitor for blood pressure medication as well as a dopamine promoter to address the RLS. Aside from elevated body mass, the patient’s chief complaint was of pain in multiple joints with activity and weight bearing. Outcome measures included Seven Site Skinfold measurements, circumferential measurements at 5 locations, the Sharpened Rhomberg Balance test, Functional Squat tests, the Six-Minute Walk Test, and a brief psychological profile consisting of 4 surveys. Interventions took place both in the patient’s home setting as well as the Exercise Science Lab on the campus of Florida Gulf Coast University. Outcomes: Following the intervention period, the patient demonstrated an estimated decrease in fat percentage of 0.2-0.24% fat percentage and showed desirable changes in 3 of the 4 psychological surveys. Discussion: The case report details a physical therapy plan of care for health and wellness for an individual of elevated body mass. The intervention focuses on developing core musculature and promoting functional, pain free movement. The intervention consists of both aerobic and resistance training. The primary limitation of the intervention period was the duration. Further research should include an 8 week intervention with a 6 month follow-up for more long-term evaluation.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Smith__fgcu_1743_10192
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Heat flux through wetland and xeric rooftop gardens on a residential home in southwest Florida.
Creator: Dolan, Brittany
Abstract/Description: Rooftop gardens have been used in many cultures throughout history and while they are currently popular in many areas of the world, they are relatively new in the United States and rare in southwest Florida. This study was conducted in Naples, Florida and utilizes two types of semi-intensive rooftop gardens, a wetland garden system which is relatively rare and a xeric garden system which is more widely used. Rooftop gardens can provide many environmental benefits and some of these benefits...
Show moreRooftop gardens have been used in many cultures throughout history and while they are currently popular in many areas of the world, they are relatively new in the United States and rare in southwest Florida. This study was conducted in Naples, Florida and utilizes two types of semi-intensive rooftop gardens, a wetland garden system which is relatively rare and a xeric garden system which is more widely used. Rooftop gardens can provide many environmental benefits and some of these benefits include regulating temperatures in buildings, reducing urban heat islands, reducing ecological footprints, increasing lifespans of roofs, and lowering energy costs. This study compares the abilities of a modular wetland rooftop garden system, a xeric rooftop garden system, and a traditional (bare) roof with no rooftop garden to reduce the heat flux into a residential building. Air temperature, rooftop surface temperature, and heat flux were measured for each of the three rooftop systems and then compared. The results indicate the wetland system and the xeric system were able to reduce heat flux into the home by about 81% when compared to the bare roof. The variations in the daily heat flux are also greatly reduced in the wetland system and the xeric system when compared to the bare roof. The data from this study also indicate that both the wetland system and the xeric system were able to greatly reduce the mean surface temperature and minimize the exposure to solar radiation when compared to the bare roof system. The reduction seen in the surface temperature and solar radiation in the wetland and xeric systems are possible explanations for the reduction seen in the heat fluxes of both systems. This study provides evidence that rooftop gardens have the potential to greatly decrease heat fluxes and the heat flux variability which would lead to lower energy usage and costs. In a subtropical climate like southwest Florida, there are potentially large benefits if rooftop garden installations are expanded.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-20
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0256
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Home range size and habitat use of the Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) at a disturbed agricultural site in south Florida.
Creator: Jackson, S. Brent
Abstract/Description: The Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) is a species that is federally threatened primarily because of habitat loss and fragmentation. Currently there is a paucity of data relating to populations in the southern portion of this species range, which are believed to be different from the northern populations due to climate and habitat factors. The objectives of this study were to provide baseline data pertaining to home range size, habitat use, seasonal activity patterns,...
Show moreThe Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) is a species that is federally threatened primarily because of habitat loss and fragmentation. Currently there is a paucity of data relating to populations in the southern portion of this species range, which are believed to be different from the northern populations due to climate and habitat factors. The objectives of this study were to provide baseline data pertaining to home range size, habitat use, seasonal activity patterns, and refugia use in disturbed habitats in south Florida using radio telemetry. The field site for this study is the home to the future C44 reservoir and stormwater treatment area included in the Central and Southern Florida Project of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. It is an abandoned citrus grove intersected with canals, ditches, and dirt roads located in western Martin County Florida. A total of five snakes including four males and one female were sufficiently tracked for analysis between the dates of January 2012 and March 2013. Total home range size varied from 9.71 – 65.78 ha. Several of the individuals tracked showed a preference for canal habitats particularly during the winter months. All individuals tracked remained active all year long and showed no significant difference in activity based on mean meters traveled per day when compared between seasons. The two male snakes tracked for the longest period of time showed a significant preference for artificial refugia in cooler temperatures and natural refugia in warmer temperatures. D. couperi using the C44 reservoir site demonstrate trends in home range size, habitat use, seasonal activity patterns, and seasonal refugia preferences that differ from other populations of this species. These differences highlight the need for conservation biologists to consider ecological and behavioral differences across the range of a species, and within human dominated landscapes, when developing management plans. Understanding the role of disturbed habitats as possible acceptable habitat for endangered and threatened species is integral to their continued survival.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: Jackson_fgcu_1743_10022
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: HOT YOGA AS A SUPPLEMENT TO PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR LOW BACK PAIN AS A WORK-ACQUIRED MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY.
Creator: Montecer, Cheryl Theresa
Abstract/Description: Background and Purpose. Low back pain, as a work-acquired musculoskeletal injury (WAMI) is prevalent among physical therapists. Research suggests that yoga is a growing practice that is used as an effective therapeutic tool in alleviating pain through postures that increase flexibility and improve function. The objective of this case report is to illustrate the establishment and application of an approach of hot yoga in combination with physical therapy in the management of low back pain on a...
Show moreBackground and Purpose. Low back pain, as a work-acquired musculoskeletal injury (WAMI) is prevalent among physical therapists. Research suggests that yoga is a growing practice that is used as an effective therapeutic tool in alleviating pain through postures that increase flexibility and improve function. The objective of this case report is to illustrate the establishment and application of an approach of hot yoga in combination with physical therapy in the management of low back pain on a physical therapist assistant (PTA) who sustained a work-acquired musculoskeletal injury. Case Description. A 47 year-old male PTA with a five week history of low back pain participated in this case report. The PTA was chosen based on a musculoskeletal injury sustained at work who demonstrated low back pain with numbness on his right anterolateral thigh, tightness and tenderness of his lower thoracic and lumbar spine. The intervention consisted of seven physical therapy sessions and seven hot yoga classes. Outcomes. After four weeks of intervention, low back pain resolved, right thigh numbness significantly decreased from 100% to 10%, and trunk flexibility increased with absence of tenderness at the thoracolumbar junction. Discussion. A significant decrease in back impairment was observed on a patient with sub-acute low back pain after participation in the intervention of physical therapy and hot yoga. Clinical trials in the future are required to evaluate the thermoregulatory mechanism, the physiological and biomechanical effects of hot yoga, and whether it is a beneficial complement to physical therapy in the rehabilitation of low back pain.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: Montecer_fgcu_1743_10261
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: How the Internet has Changed the Face of Crime.
Creator: Norden, Sara
Abstract/Description: The Internet and the number of Internet users have grown quicker than anyone ever imagined. As people continue to venture into cyberspace and conduct more of their professional activities online, this has created vast opportunities for cyber crime. These offenses are comprised of new types of crimes and new methods of committing traditional crimes such as identity theft, property crimes, and fraud. The depth of cyberspace allows terrorist organizations to recruit, plan, organize, fundraise,...
Show moreThe Internet and the number of Internet users have grown quicker than anyone ever imagined. As people continue to venture into cyberspace and conduct more of their professional activities online, this has created vast opportunities for cyber crime. These offenses are comprised of new types of crimes and new methods of committing traditional crimes such as identity theft, property crimes, and fraud. The depth of cyberspace allows terrorist organizations to recruit, plan, organize, fundraise, and spread their message through propaganda and other digital means. Millions of people across the globe are affected by online crime every day. Cyber crime has become one of the most threatening and difficult problems for law enforcement, the judicial system and the public at large. Due to limited and often biased research based on small convenience samples, it is difficult to determine the full scope of cyber crimes. This paper reviews various types of cyber crimes and the Internet's overall effect on the evolution of crime.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: Norden_fgcu_1743_10021
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Human preference for the use of simple signals by dogs.
Creator: LeGros, Nicole
Abstract/Description: The domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) is one of the few animals that is capable of receiving and responding to simple human cues, which appears to be the product of long-term co-evolution with humans (Anderson et al. 1995; Itakura at al. 1996). Dogs require high levels of responsiveness in order to obtain and use simple human cues appropriately (Mckinley et al. 2000). For example, many dogs respond successfully to simple cues, such as an eye glance. Evolution of responsiveness in dogs may...
Show moreThe domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) is one of the few animals that is capable of receiving and responding to simple human cues, which appears to be the product of long-term co-evolution with humans (Anderson et al. 1995; Itakura at al. 1996). Dogs require high levels of responsiveness in order to obtain and use simple human cues appropriately (Mckinley et al. 2000). For example, many dogs respond successfully to simple cues, such as an eye glance. Evolution of responsiveness in dogs may have evolved in response to human preferences, although the preference for responsive dogs has not been determined. This study will determine whether humans prefer a type of responsiveness in dogs, i.e. the dogs ability to use simple cues. To determine if humans prefer dogs that use simple cues, we first videoed dogs from the Gulf Coast Humane Society that varied in their ability to utilize human cues. Videoed dogs were then paired; each pair of dogs consisted of a more responsive individual (dog that required less cues to complete a task) and a less responsive individual (a dog that required more cues to complete a task). A nation-wide survey was run in which participants were asked to compare and evaluate the two dogs. Results demonstrate that people prefer dogs that utilized simple cues whether they are evaluating a dog individually or in comparison to another dog. These findings are consistent with the idea that humans show a preference for a responsive dog. The evidence of preference identifies a mechanism that would promote responsiveness and facilitate the coevolution between humans and dogs.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: LeGros_fgcu_1743_10081
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Humanizing Heinrich Himmer: Power and Alliances in Transition.
Creator: Gottwalles, Sara Elise
Abstract/Description: Heinrich Himmler was known as Hitler's executioner, the Architect of Genocide, an evil genius, a murderous monster, and der treue Heinrich. But the Reichführer SS, once a sickly child bent on placating and pleasing all of those around him had a great deal of influence during his rise to become one of the most dangerous individuals of the twentieth century. His rivalries formed his political career just as much as his friendships--interestingly enough, the two lines often crossed. This work...
Show moreHeinrich Himmler was known as Hitler's executioner, the Architect of Genocide, an evil genius, a murderous monster, and der treue Heinrich. But the Reichführer SS, once a sickly child bent on placating and pleasing all of those around him had a great deal of influence during his rise to become one of the most dangerous individuals of the twentieth century. His rivalries formed his political career just as much as his friendships--interestingly enough, the two lines often crossed. This work examines Himmler's rivalries on his rise, and peak of power. Some would argue that his downfall was also brought on by his enemies, but the evidence contained in this work states otherwise. Himmler was the cause of his own fall from power with at the very most, mere assistance from an outside source. Himmler was naive, manipulative, easily persuaded, an obsessive people pleaser, and had a weak personality. These qualities and faults ultimately were self-damaging to Himmler. This work specifically focuses on Himmler's relationships with Göring and Heydrich, discussing his rise to power, and Bormann is studied in relation to Himmler's peak of and halt to power. The first two men assisted Himmler in his ascent, and Bormann, wavering between friend and enemy, quite literally acts as the preventative gatekeeper between the Reichsführer-SS and Hitler, and thus prevents any further ascent to power. By examining these rivalries we are able to get a better view into Himmler's mind and personality. Each of these relationships were quite diverse, and Himmler was able to gain various positions, knowledge, and experience. Hitler was supportive of rivalries within his Reich, and many of these have been closely examined by contemporary historians. What this work offers which has previously not been scrutinized is a close examination of the relationship of Himmler and Bormann. Though the thesis is dense through this chapter, its preceding chapters are vital to building knowledge of Himmler's interactions with various other leaders. Additionally, the Bormann chapter examines Himmler's ability to retain power until Bormann prevented his further ascension, subsequently leading to Himmler's fall from power. This thesis includes primary and secondary documentation from sources such as diaries, captured German records, memoirs, and monographs.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Gottwalles_fgcu_1743_10085
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Identification, Assessment and Reduction of Fall Risks in a Community Dwelling Older Adult: A Case Report.
Creator: Frazee, Stacy L.
Abstract/Description: Falls can take a devastating toll on an individual's physical and psychological wellbeing. Falls are the leading cause of injury related deaths, disability and premature nursing home admission in people over the age of 65. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate how appropriate identification and multifactorial interventions tailored to a patient can be used to decrease fall risk in an older adult. The case patient is a 75 year old male with a history of 2 falls in the 4 months...
Show moreFalls can take a devastating toll on an individual's physical and psychological wellbeing. Falls are the leading cause of injury related deaths, disability and premature nursing home admission in people over the age of 65. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate how appropriate identification and multifactorial interventions tailored to a patient can be used to decrease fall risk in an older adult. The case patient is a 75 year old male with a history of 2 falls in the 4 months leading up to the physical therapy evaluation. The patient's initial Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) score was 64.58% which puts him at risk for falls. An initial Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) score of 17 also put him in the fall risk category. The patient's Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score of 30 categorized him as having a moderate fall risk. The patient attended physical therapy to address balance and strength deficits. After 6 physical therapy sessions implementing static and dynamic balance interventions as well as lower extremity strengthening, the patient's fall risk assessment scores improved. His ABC score increased 2.82%, the DGI score showed a 3 point increase and the patient's BBS improved 4 points. Posttest results indicate a decreased fall risk in the patient.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Frazee_fgcu_1743_10032
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) and Active Release Technique (ART): A case report.
Creator: Moore, Taylor Marie
Abstract/Description: Background and Purpose: ITBS is one form of presentation of repetitive strain injury (RSI). There is a gap in evidence based treatment methods for RSI; however ART is one method of treatment with emerging evidence. The focus of this case report is to describe the various mechanisms of injury to the iliotibial band (ITB) and theory behind ART as a successful treatment method. There is a need for additional research on the effectiveness of ART and additional treatment methods for RSI. Case...
Show moreBackground and Purpose: ITBS is one form of presentation of repetitive strain injury (RSI). There is a gap in evidence based treatment methods for RSI; however ART is one method of treatment with emerging evidence. The focus of this case report is to describe the various mechanisms of injury to the iliotibial band (ITB) and theory behind ART as a successful treatment method. There is a need for additional research on the effectiveness of ART and additional treatment methods for RSI. Case Description: A 24-year old female triathlete with severe pain (10/10) associated with ITBS and unsuccessful past treatment with corticosteroid injection. Outcomes: Subjective outcome measures included pain ratings; while objective outcomes measures included the Ober test and range of motion. No changes were made to the case patient's training load. Discussion: A patient with ITB syndrome reported decreased pain and demonstrated increased function after a 6-week treatment plan utilizing ART one time per week.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Moore_fgcu_1743_10044
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Impact of nitrogen on microbial diversity and function.
Creator: Garcia, Juan Carlos
Abstract/Description: River bacterioplankton communities, influenced by watershed usage, are responsible for water purification. Bacterioplankton may be critical in the degradation of dissolved organic nitrogen: the major nitrogen pool in the Caloosahatchee River, Florida. We investigated how freshwater discharge influences estuarine bacterioplankton and how the freshwater-originated DON is utilized by estuarine bacterioplankton. Microcosm experiments were conducted during low and high discharge using two upstream...
Show moreRiver bacterioplankton communities, influenced by watershed usage, are responsible for water purification. Bacterioplankton may be critical in the degradation of dissolved organic nitrogen: the major nitrogen pool in the Caloosahatchee River, Florida. We investigated how freshwater discharge influences estuarine bacterioplankton and how the freshwater-originated DON is utilized by estuarine bacterioplankton. Microcosm experiments were conducted during low and high discharge using two upstream freshwater samples: one site primarily influenced by Lake Okeechobee and the other site moderately influenced by an agricultural watershed. These freshwater samples were filtered to eliminate indigenous microbial populations, then mixed with estuarine bacterioplankton. High-throughput sequencing revealed that bacterioplankton differed between low and high discharge and were influenced by salinity. Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated in low discharge while Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria dominated during high discharge. In the microcosm experiment, DON concentration decreased with increasing cell densities, suggesting that the DON was utilized as a carbon and nitrogen source. Band signals in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis corresponding to Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased while Gammaproteobacteria increased during the 1 month incubation. This data suggests that estuarine bacterioplankton communities are influenced by variations in discharge patterns and use freshwater-originated DON as demonstrated by a shift in community structure. Bacteria in the genus Nitrosospira play the vital role of converting ammonia to nitrite via the enzymes ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. Nitrosospira lacus strain APG3, isolated from Green Lake, Seattle, WA is a psychrotolerant betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacterium that can grow at temperatures as low as 4°C. Nitrosospira lacus is able to grow over a wide pH range (5-9) and like other Nitrosospira, is susceptible to high ammonium concentrations. APG3 showed the ability to grow at low pH and use urea which may allow it to survive more efficiently in soil environments. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the closest relative of APG3 is Nitrosospira multiformis (cluster 3). When using ANI values to compare APG3 to Nitrosospira multiformis, the ANI value demonstrates that they are related but different species that share less than half of their genome. Nitrosospira lacus is the first isolated cluster 0 representative. The distribution of Nitrosospira lacus like sequences reveals a habitat limitation to tropical and subtropical areas with a preference for waterlogged areas. The draft genome sequence comprises 3,107,181 bases at 272-fold coverage. The assembled draft genome consists of 84 contigs with an average size of 41,181 bp and a G+C content of 53.6%. The genome contains 3,147 protein-coding DNA sequences, 44 tRNA genes, and a single 16S-23S-5S rRNA operon. The genome revealed that Nitrosospira lacus represents a new species of cluster 0 Nitrosospira, which contains a slew of genes that allow it to incorporate nutrients from the environment. The genome of N. lacus when compared to other ammonia-oxidizing bacteria most closely resembles that of N. multiformis.The presence of hydrogenase and urease, suggests that Nitrosospira lacus may be able to meet its energy needs via alternative pathways. N. lacus also contains genes to cope with various degrees of stress, including detoxification, cold and heat shock proteins and oxidative and osmotic stress, copper, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium resistance. This unique genetic makeup may allow Nitrosospira lacus adaptability to a wide range of freshwater habitats.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: Garcia_fgcu_1743_10123
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: IN LAKE FLOATING TREATMENT WETLANDS COULD PROVIDE ALGAE CONTROL THROUGH UNSUSPECTED MECHANISMS.
Creator: Dettmar, Dana L.
Abstract/Description: Cultural eutrophication has been negatively impacting both artificial and natural water bodies by triggering (at times harmful) algal blooms. These blooms are typically controlled by algaecides, which can collaterally affect aquatic organisms thus further damaging the hydrosystem. Preventing point and non-point nutrient sources from entering hydrosystems may not be sufficient to prevent cultural eutrophication since internal nutrient loading is generally high. Internal loading can however be...
Show moreCultural eutrophication has been negatively impacting both artificial and natural water bodies by triggering (at times harmful) algal blooms. These blooms are typically controlled by algaecides, which can collaterally affect aquatic organisms thus further damaging the hydrosystem. Preventing point and non-point nutrient sources from entering hydrosystems may not be sufficient to prevent cultural eutrophication since internal nutrient loading is generally high. Internal loading can however be reduced, often at great expense, through i) demucking, ii) chemical treatment, and iii) hypolimnetic aeration. Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are a new type of phytoremediation being used to reduce the impact of eutrophication. FTWs consist of plants grown hydroponically on a floating mat which uptake water nutrients from their roots. The nutrients become tied up in the tissues of the young growing plants, which tissues are then harvested before fully mature to remove the excess nutrients from the system to reduce external and internal loading. Nutrient removal performed by these FTWs is limited unless they cover 5-10% of the surface of the water body. However, most hydrosystems use a lower, e.g. 3% cover rate with often great algal control. Thus, poorly understood or identified mechanisms must be at play. A 2-year investigation was therefore led in three subtropical manmade urban ponds (Pond A, Livingston Pond and Collier Pond) of about an acre and located within the City of Naples, FL to examine whether the dense root network from FTWs’ plants, Juncus effusus and Canna flaccida, would i) have allelochemicals able to control algae, ii) offer diurnal zooplankton protection against predation so that nocturnal grazing would be intensified and iii) harbor beneficial bacteria able to remove water nutrients. For the allelopathy experiments, two methods were used: a liquid culture assay as well as an agar diffusion assay, both in which wells containing algae were inoculated with methanolic extracts from the roots potentially containing allelochemicals. Zooplankton presence/absence studies were completed by performing vertical tows underneath the FTW and in the open water column both during the day and night to explore their nycthemeral horizontal migrations. J. effusus and C. flaccida root microbial communities were characterized by extracting DNA from the biofilm living on root samples using the phenol-chloroform extraction method. The purified DNA was used for 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to compare community structure. Results showed that chemicals present in the two plants examined could either control algae (especially Cyanophyceae) but in some cases also enhance algae growth (especially Chlorophyceae). When inhibition was found, the agar diffusion assay displayed stronger inhibition than the liquid culture assay in which allelopathic compounds were diluted in liquid medium. In Livingston Pond and Collier Pond, it was determined that zooplankton did not utilize the root systems of FTWs, which is typical of subtropical systems. The bacterial community of Pond A FTWs was typical of oxic as well as anoxic and even anaerobic environments despite the presence of dissolved oxygen in the water underneath the FTWs. Based on the microbial community composition, it is hypothesized that the microbial biofilm growing on the root changed from oxic, to anoxic and anaerobic from its surface to its basal layer. Thus, FTW biofilms provide an environment in which major biologically mediated reactions could potentially occur (e.g. nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction). Based on the results of this study it appears that FTWs have potential mechanisms to control algae growth aside from nutrient uptake. Allelopathy and a microenvironment prone to degradation were such mechanisms but more investigation should be conducted to fully understand the net algal control and impact on nutrient cycling. Future research should include the investigation of these parameters on FTWs in different hydrosystems to determine if the findings of this study are common for all FTWs, or if each FTW provides its own unique environment.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: Dettmar_fgcu_1743_10148
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Incarceration in Florida: A Comparative Survey.
Creator: Hoft, Joseph Michael
Abstract/Description: The problem addressed in this study regards the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Florida’s incarceration system as well as the use of alternative sanctions. The current Florida criminal justice system requires criminals to serve minimum sentences depending on the crime they have committed. Unfortunately, this has caused a massive increase in the prison population. Offenders must serve long prison sentences regardless of the intensity of the crime they have committed. This means that...
Show moreThe problem addressed in this study regards the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Florida’s incarceration system as well as the use of alternative sanctions. The current Florida criminal justice system requires criminals to serve minimum sentences depending on the crime they have committed. Unfortunately, this has caused a massive increase in the prison population. Offenders must serve long prison sentences regardless of the intensity of the crime they have committed. This means that high-level criminals are serving the same sentences as low-level criminals. With a lack of utilization of rehabilitative programs, and a strict limit on sentence reduction programs, more people are serving sentences in Florida prison when it could be safer for them to be in alternative programs and such a high prison population, the burden of costs is left to the public. The purpose of this study was to determine, based on the perceptions of research participants, if there is a significant difference between the opinions of Florida law enforcement and non-law enforcement residents on these topics. In particular, the research questions concerned whether these two groups held separate opinions about effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and the use of alternative sanctions and what this means for law and policies in the state. The overall research designed utilized online survey data, providing a questionnaire to participants. This study found that Florida law enforcement and non-law enforcement residents hold significantly different opinions regarding the effectiveness of incarceration in the state of Florida as well as the effectiveness of the use of alternative sanctions. This study also found that there is no significant difference between these groups regarding the cost-effectiveness of incarceration in the state. The negative opinions on these topics has significant implications for the ability of law enforcement officers to be able to do their jobs effectively due to their negative perceptions about corrections causing lower motivation, more stress, and higher turnover rates.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-11
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0260
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Indirect effects of freshwater discharges on seagrass beds in Southwest Florida: Mesograzers as mediators of epiphyte growth?.
Creator: Behlmer, Thomas
Abstract/Description: Seagrass beds in the Caloosahatchee Estuary have declined with increased human development in the watershed, which has altered the timing and volume of freshwater and nutrient inputs. Overgrowth of epiphytic algae may contribute to seagrass declines. Small invertebrate grazers (mesograzers) are thought to aid seagrass through removal of excess epiphytes. The goal of this study is to look at the indirect impacts of freshwater releases on seagrass health in the CRE, as mediated by increased...
Show moreSeagrass beds in the Caloosahatchee Estuary have declined with increased human development in the watershed, which has altered the timing and volume of freshwater and nutrient inputs. Overgrowth of epiphytic algae may contribute to seagrass declines. Small invertebrate grazers (mesograzers) are thought to aid seagrass through removal of excess epiphytes. The goal of this study is to look at the indirect impacts of freshwater releases on seagrass health in the CRE, as mediated by increased nutrients and reduced mesograzer abundance and diversity. To do this we recorded seagrass abundance, epiphyte levels, and mesograzer abundance bimonthly for two years at two sites in the Caloosahatchee Estuary. We then compared these responses to seasonal and site variations in salinity related to freshwater discharges. Seagrass was most abundant at the highest salinity site and during the summer months. Epiphyte levels did not exhibit a clear seasonal or salinity-related pattern but showed interesting correlations with mesograzer abundance. Mesograzer species richness was positively correlated with salinity at all sites. Multivariate data analysis found a clear separation between sites, except during the wet season of 2013, where grazer community structure was heavily impacted at both sites. Because prior studies have demonstrated a link between mesograzer richness and epiphyte grazing efficacy, we propose that reductions in mesograzer diversity by high freshwater discharge events could exacerbate problems of epiphyte overgrowth. Understanding these impacts can aid in improving water management plans for the Caloosahatchee Estuary in order to protect its valuable seagrass beds.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Behlmer_fgcu_1743_10202
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Influence of Freshwater Inflow on the Abundance and Distribution of Decapod Zooplankton in the Caloosahatchee River, Florida.
Creator: Cook, Jaime Elizabeth
Abstract/Description: In order to understand the influence of variable freshwater inflow to estuaries and subsequent fluctuations in salinity on zooplankton community structure and larval recruitment, the distribution and abundance of decapod crustacean larvae in the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary, Florida were quantified using monthly plankton tows for two years. Larvae preferring high salinities (Callinectes sapidus, Dissodactylus spp., Menippe mercenaria, Petrolisthes armatus, and Pinnotheres maculatus) were...
Show moreIn order to understand the influence of variable freshwater inflow to estuaries and subsequent fluctuations in salinity on zooplankton community structure and larval recruitment, the distribution and abundance of decapod crustacean larvae in the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary, Florida were quantified using monthly plankton tows for two years. Larvae preferring high salinities (Callinectes sapidus, Dissodactylus spp., Menippe mercenaria, Petrolisthes armatus, and Pinnotheres maculatus) were concentrated near the mouth of the river; euryhaline larvae (Eurypanopeus depressus and Panopeus spp.) occurred abundantly throughout the river; and the low-salinity species Rhithropanopeus harrisii was found upstream. Total larval abundance peaked in late-spring, prior to the onset of the wet season. Additionally, C. sapidus, E. depressus, M. mercenaria, Panopeus spp. and R. harrisii exhibited significant shifts downstream with the onset of the wet season. P. armatus was the only species to demonstrate significant changes in total abundance among calendar seasons, with significant increases occurring during the spring. Species-specific centers of abundance and total abundance demonstrated significant correlations with both average continuous inflow and daily discrete inflow for lags of up to 120 days prior to sampling. C. sapidus, E. depressus, M. mercenaria, P. armatus, Panopeus spp. and R. harrisii were negatively correlated with inflow. Center of abundance and total abundance of Dissodactylus spp. and P. maculatus were positively correlated with daily discrete inflow. These commensal crabs did not respond in the same way to changes in salinity as expected based on the other species surveyed. These results suggest the importance of considering the impacts of freshwater discharges on both the spatial and seasonal variation in larval supply within the estuary.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Cook_fgcu_1743_10082
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Inter-rater reliability of the dynamic gait index for lower extremity amputation.
Creator: Bouquette, Renee
Abstract/Description: Background and Purpose: The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) was developed as a tool to identify the ability of an individual to modify gait in response to various conditions, including: level walking, changes in gait speed, walking with head turns in the horizontal and vertical direction, stopping and turning, stepping over and around obstacles, and ascending and descending stairs. The DGI has been used to assess adaptation of gait in a variety of conditions; however, there has not been sufficient...
Show moreBackground and Purpose: The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) was developed as a tool to identify the ability of an individual to modify gait in response to various conditions, including: level walking, changes in gait speed, walking with head turns in the horizontal and vertical direction, stopping and turning, stepping over and around obstacles, and ascending and descending stairs. The DGI has been used to assess adaptation of gait in a variety of conditions; however, there has not been sufficient research on the use of the DGI to examine a lower extremity amputee's ability to adapt his/her gait to changes in task demand. This study seeks to determine the inter-rater reliability of the dynamic gait index when used to assess an individual with a lower extremity amputation. Methods: A volunteer between ages 50-65 was recruited and videotaped performing the tasks on the DGI under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist. The video was shown to a gait panel, who established a true score using the DGI. Physical therapists were recruited as subjects to rate the performance of the volunteer on the video with the DGI. Scores were then analyzed for agreement using the Fleiss' kappa and the interclass correlation. Results: The raw score of absolute agreement was 39 out of a possibility of 80 (48.75% agreement). Fleiss' kappa statistic (-0.0347) was calculated using the ratio between the degree of agreement above chance actually found in the study (-0.0172) and the degree of agreement above what is expected by chance (0.4953). The ICC was calculated to be 0.18 (95% confidence interval: .043-.476). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the DGI may not be recommended for the assessment of a lower extremity amputee's ability to adapt his/her gait to changes in task demand, which may contribute to falls risk.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: Bouquette_fgcu_1743_10004
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interactive effects of environmental stressors and the invasive apple snail, Pomacea maculata, on tapegrass, Vallisneria americana.
Creator: McAskill, Shannan C.
Abstract/Description: The island apple snail, Pomacea maculata, family Ampullariidae, is a large freshwater gastropod native to South America. P. maculata is known as a heavy consumer of aquatic plants. P. maculata was introduced to Florida in the 1990s and has rapidly spread throughout natural and man-made wetlands and waterways in the southeastern United States. Negative ecosystem impacts associated with P. maculata invasion include destruction of macrophyte communities via overgrazing, competitive exclusion of...
Show moreThe island apple snail, Pomacea maculata, family Ampullariidae, is a large freshwater gastropod native to South America. P. maculata is known as a heavy consumer of aquatic plants. P. maculata was introduced to Florida in the 1990s and has rapidly spread throughout natural and man-made wetlands and waterways in the southeastern United States. Negative ecosystem impacts associated with P. maculata invasion include destruction of macrophyte communities via overgrazing, competitive exclusion of the native Florida apple snail Pomacea paludosa, and the potential transmission of toxins and parasites to predators. Populations of P. maculata have been documented in freshwater tributaries of estuaries such as Mobile Bay, Alabama and the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida, and the snails may be moving into the estuaries themselves. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate P. maculata’s potential to harm macrophytes like tapegrass, Vallisneria americana, in low-salinity estuarine environments, 2) to determine how the grazer’s destructiveness might by moderated by environmental context (salinity, temperature, and the presence of other macrophyte species), and 3) to identify management and restoration strategies for V. americana to minimize the harm done by P. maculata. We accomplished these objectives with feeding trials and mesocosm experiments conducted under varying conditions of salinity, temperature, and macrophyte community composition. We found that increasing salinity lowered P. maculata grazing pressure on V. americana but increasing temperature increased grazing pressure. Herbivory on V. americana was not reduced and was sometimes intensified when other aquatic plant species were present. The results of two mesocosm experiments suggested that salinity and snail presence have a nonadditive, antagonistic, effect on V. americana. I.e., in the absence of snails the plant performed best at 0 psu, whereas when snails were present the plant did best at 5-10 psu due to reduced snail grazing. Due to the significant sub-lethal impacts of salinity on P. maculata’s grazing and health it is unlikely that the snail’s invasion will proceed beyond the lowest salinity portions of estuaries. These estuarine regions can therefore serve as a valuable refuge for V. americana populations, providing that effective water management keeps salinity below the approximately 10 psu threshold where significant direct harm occurs to the plants.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: McAskill_fgcu_1743_10133
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: INTERDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN IN A PATIENT WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER USING BATTLEFIELD ACUPUNCTURE AND PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTION: A CASE REPORT.
Creator: Reidy, Alyssa
Abstract/Description: Objective: To document the effect of interdisciplinary battlefield acupuncture (BFA) treatment and physical therapy (PT) intervention on reported outcomes for pain, disability rating using the Neck Disability Index and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, cervical mobility, and lumbar mobility in a military veteran with PTSD and chronic neck and back pain. Background: The Battlefield Acupuncture technique was created by Dr. Richard Niemtzow for rapid pain relief in 2001. It...
Show moreObjective: To document the effect of interdisciplinary battlefield acupuncture (BFA) treatment and physical therapy (PT) intervention on reported outcomes for pain, disability rating using the Neck Disability Index and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, cervical mobility, and lumbar mobility in a military veteran with PTSD and chronic neck and back pain. Background: The Battlefield Acupuncture technique was created by Dr. Richard Niemtzow for rapid pain relief in 2001. It incorporates the use of auricular semi-permanent (ASP) indwelling auricular needles alternatingly placed in a specific order at five specific locations on each ear. Differential Diagnosis: Neck pain with mobility deficits and low back pain with movement coordination. Treatment: Physical therapy intervention only for 10 visits, then 6 combined BFA treatments with follow up PT intervention. Uniqueness: Battlefield acupuncture is currently only available to veteran and active duty military personnel to manage acute and chronic pain quickly. Discussion: Functional outcome measures improved with combined BFA and PT intervention but did not meet the minimal detectable change to show significant improvement. This case report only documents the results of 3 BFA treatments with 2 follow up PT interventions. Limited access to patient records limit the ability of this case report to confidently add to the efficacy of combined BFA and PT intervention to manage chronic pain in patients with PTSD.
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Date Issued: 2018-04-23
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0225
Format: Document (PDF)

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