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Title: Analyzing the Effects of Virtual Reality and Treadmill Gait Training Following a Cerebrovascular Accident.
Creator: Sauerwald, James Ryan
Abstract/Description: Background: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) have an adverse effect on strength, balance, and gait, resulting in a number of functional ambulation deficits. Previous studies indicate that with consistent gait training, participants effectively increase gait velocity, as well as gait assessment functional outcome scores. Purpose: The purpose of this case study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training with virtual reality (VR) on the functional recovery of gait in a participant...
Show moreBackground: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) have an adverse effect on strength, balance, and gait, resulting in a number of functional ambulation deficits. Previous studies indicate that with consistent gait training, participants effectively increase gait velocity, as well as gait assessment functional outcome scores. Purpose: The purpose of this case study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training with virtual reality (VR) on the functional recovery of gait in a participant affected by chronic CVA. VR is a computer simulated, interactive, multi-dimensional environment. The purpose of the VR is to provide normal visual flow (optic flow) while walking in a controlled environment (on a treadmill). Methods: The participant was a 24-year old female who was 13 months post stroke. She participated in the study for 21 sessions over 14 weeks. She went through four sessions of initial assessments followed by gait training sessions and finally two follow up assessments to track changes in her gait. An Oculus head mounted stereoscopic display provided optic flow in the form of virtual environments during gait training on a modified belt-driven treadmill. Physical Therapy students provided facilitation to the participant while gait training on the treadmill with a goal of 30 minutes of continuous ambulation. Data Analysis: The outcomes of the gait training method were assessed: motion capture via Qualisys camera system, the Functional Gait Assessment, and the 6-Minute Walk Test. Minimal detectable change, percent changes, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were calculated to assess significance. Results: The study found improved gait velocity, step length, stride length, cadence, FGA scores, & 6MWT scores throughout the study and also after the intervention ceased. Conclusion: The findings of the study show promise in the integration of virtual reality with treadmill gait training for rehabilitative purposes. However, the results cannot be generalized to larger populations until further research is completed.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: Sauerwald_fgcu_1743_10246
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Applying developmental coordination disorder treatment theories to physical therapy practice: a case report.
Creator: Hodges, Mary Lynn
Abstract/Description: This case report describes the application of two treatment intervention theories for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) to physical therapy practice. The patient was an 8-year-old girl with hypotonicity, generalized weakness, balance, coordination deficits, and poor cardiovascular endurance. Parent concerns related to frequent episodes of tripping and falling. DCD treatment intervention theories of the bottom up (process or deficit oriented) and top down (functional skill approach)...
Show moreThis case report describes the application of two treatment intervention theories for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) to physical therapy practice. The patient was an 8-year-old girl with hypotonicity, generalized weakness, balance, coordination deficits, and poor cardiovascular endurance. Parent concerns related to frequent episodes of tripping and falling. DCD treatment intervention theories of the bottom up (process or deficit oriented) and top down (functional skill approach) methods were used to guide and direct the physical therapy treatment. After 8 months of treatment, the child improved in balance, coordination, gross motor development, cardiovascular endurance, and self-esteem. The case report demonstrates a method to apply the current knowledge of DCD treatment theory in a way can be integrated into clinical practice. Applying a strategic combination of each theory in this case has led to the development of clinical questions for future research.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Hodges_fgcu_1743_10080
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Aquatic Therapy for a Patient Post-Stroke: A Case Report.
Creator: Duffy, Katey
Abstract/Description: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. The effects of stroke may consist of neurologic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive manifestations. Those who have had a stroke may present with barriers to conventional dry land therapy, preventing them from acquiring their full rehab potential. There is evidence that aquatic therapy may improve strength, balance, gait, range of motion, and psychological well...
Show moreAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. The effects of stroke may consist of neurologic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive manifestations. Those who have had a stroke may present with barriers to conventional dry land therapy, preventing them from acquiring their full rehab potential. There is evidence that aquatic therapy may improve strength, balance, gait, range of motion, and psychological well-being; but there is little research on aquatic therapy for the stroke population specifically. The purpose of this case report is to describe the evaluation, intervention, and outcome of a patient with a history of stroke who participated in an aquatic therapy program. The patient is an 84 year-old male with right hemiplegia, resulting in impaired gait, balance, and overall functional mobility. The aquatic therapy sessions were twice a week for eight weeks and included tone reduction, gait training, balance activities, and strengthening exercises. After eight weeks, the patient demonstrated improved strength, reduced muscle tone, and decreased risk of falls as evidenced by improved scores on the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. This case report suggests that aquatic therapy may be beneficial for patients with stroke who show minimal progress with land therapy or are unable to tolerate land activities.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Duffy_fgcu_1743_10063
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Aspects of the Population Dynamics of Sympatric Map Turtles, Graptemys barbouri and Graptemys ernsti, in the Lower Choctawhatchee River System.
Creator: Lechowicz, Christopher J.
Abstract/Description: The first instance of sympatric megacephalic map turtle species (Graptemys barbouri and Graptemys ernsti) along the Gulf Coast of the United States, and below the fall line, is in the Choctawhatchee River system in Alabama and Florida. This unique population was discovered in a river system that was believed to be devoid of Graptemys species. Barbour's map turtle (G. barbouri) was discovered and documented in 1997 and the...
Show moreThe first instance of sympatric megacephalic map turtle species (Graptemys barbouri and Graptemys ernsti) along the Gulf Coast of the United States, and below the fall line, is in the Choctawhatchee River system in Alabama and Florida. This unique population was discovered in a river system that was believed to be devoid of Graptemys species. Barbour's map turtle (G. barbouri) was discovered and documented in 1997 and the Escambia map turtle (G. ernsti) in 2002 in the Pea River, a western tributary of the Choctawhatchee River by James C. Godwin. From 2007-2008, I collected data from basking surveys and capture efforts along the Choctawhatchee and Pea rivers in Alabama and Florida. I found data from basking surveys reliable in the Choctawhatchee River for identifying Graptemys down to species, but not in the Pea River, because of the overlap in range and the presence of hybrids. This project began as a mark-recapture study at five locations but was converted to a survey and mark endeavor up the southern Choctawhatchee and Pea rivers in Alabama, as well as the northern Choctawhatchee River in Florida. The discovery of putative hybrids of these species by James Godwin added an additional layer of complexity to this new range extension. Godwin included a general range map based on a low number of captured specimens in his unpublished report on the range of G. barbouri in this drainage in Alabama, presenting the occurrence of both species in the river system. I provide an updated range map of both species in the river system, as of 2008, including delineation of a hybrid zone where specimens with shared morphological traits have been observed. I captured 115 Graptemys specimens and measured carapace length, plastron length, carapace width, height, weight and head width on each in the field. All turtles were marked, and released back at the point of capture. I also measured 8 specimens from the Auburn University Museum. Of these 115 turtles I captured, I classified 72 as G. barbouri and 38 as G.ernsti. The remaining 5 turtles with morphological traits of both species, at a ratio of nearly 1:1, were labeled hybrids. All five of these apparent hybrid turtles were either juvenile or older females. No male hybrids were found. Morphological characteristics of G. barbouri and G. ernsti from the Choctawhatchee River system, such as head and carapace markings, were compared with specimens from neighboring river systems. Turtles that were considered hybrids shared near equal characteristics of both species or had jumbled/indistinguishable patterns. The pigment widths on the upper and lower 5th marginal scutes in G. barbouri from the Choctawhatchee river were compared with specimens from the parent drainages and were found to be significantly different. Comparisons of relative carapace height and relative carapace width, using the Mann-Whitney U Test, of G. barbouri and G.ernsti from the Choctawhatchee River system and the parent drainages were not significant among adult and subadult males and females, but were significant in unsexable juveniles. Comparisons between G. barbouri and G. ernsti from the hybrid zone and outside the hybrid zone in the Pea and Choctawhatchee rivers were also tested, using the same non-parametric test, and were not significant at any size (juvenile, male, or female). Juvenile hybrid relative carapace lengths and relative carapace widths were also compared with juvenile G. barbouri and G. ernsti in the drainage and hybrid carapace measurements were significantly closer to G. ernsti than G. barbouri. Three hypotheses as to the method of establishment of G .barbouri and G. ernsti in the Choctawhatchee and Pea River were considered: (1) that both species were accidentally or purposefully introduced by humans; (2) that both species occur in the Pea River system as a result of stream capture (the connection of a tributary of one river system to another as a result of environmental changes); and (3) that both species entered the river system by traveling over land during extreme flood events. I concluded that stream capture is the most plausible hypothesis for a sympatric distribution of G.barbouri and G.ernsti in the Pea River. This explanation assumes that G. ernsti was present in the Pea River (previously a tributary of the Yellow River) when it was captured by the Choctawhatchee River. This connection allowed G. barbouri to enter the Pea River and expand its range upriver. G.barbouri may have entered the Choctawhatchee River from the Chattahoochee River in Alabama or from the Chipola River in Florida by stream capture or by brief connections of close neighboring tributaries. Basking and capture data from the Choctawhatchee River, south of the Alabama border, shows a much higher abundance of G. barbouri, as opposed to upriver of the confluence of the Pea River, where stream capture was originally suspected.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: Lechowicz_fgcu_1743_10023
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATOR’S PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR NEEDS TO BEST SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE SOUTHWEST FLORIDA COMMUNITY.
Creator: Rolfe, Allison Elizabeth
Abstract/Description: According to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2010), the demand for STEM-educated teachers in the United States is increasing. With limited time and space in the general classroom setting, Environmental Education (EE) is becoming increasingly more important to the education system. The Environmental Education Alliance of Southwest Florida (EE Alliance) is a community of practice that relies on participation of local experts to create successful environmental...
Show moreAccording to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2010), the demand for STEM-educated teachers in the United States is increasing. With limited time and space in the general classroom setting, Environmental Education (EE) is becoming increasingly more important to the education system. The Environmental Education Alliance of Southwest Florida (EE Alliance) is a community of practice that relies on participation of local experts to create successful environmental education programs. This study identifies the needs of environmental education in Southwest Florida through the EE Alliance by eliciting the perspectives of local EE professionals. A survey was sent to a total of 219 participants of the EE Alliance listserv; 50 responses were received. This study collects quantitative data from Likerttype survey response as well as qualitative data obtained from open response comments sections. The study identifies the perceived needs of material resources (resources that can be bought with funding), human resources (the knowledge, amount, and adequacy of staff), and social resources (the ability to create partnerships, relationships, and professional development opportunities) in order to run successful environmental education programs.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: Rolfe_fgcu_1743_10265
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: AUTOMATED MONITORING OF FINE-SCALE MOVEMENTS OF THE ENDANGERED SMALLTOOTH SAWFISH (PRISTIS PECTINATA).
Creator: May, Rebecca
Abstract/Description: The smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) is an elasmobranch and one of five sawfish species. The distribution of the United States population of smalltooth sawfish is now limited to southwest and south Florida. In 2009, the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, which includes the Peace River, was listed as critical habitat for juveniles of this species. Considering their endangered status, it is important to monitor these fish to understand what could be done to facilitate protection of the...
Show moreThe smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) is an elasmobranch and one of five sawfish species. The distribution of the United States population of smalltooth sawfish is now limited to southwest and south Florida. In 2009, the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, which includes the Peace River, was listed as critical habitat for juveniles of this species. Considering their endangered status, it is important to monitor these fish to understand what could be done to facilitate protection of the population. Previous research had identified the lower Peace River as the northernmost occupied nursery, and diel movements suggested differences in habitat use associated with both sides of the river. Because use of the northern shoreline has been relatively well documented, this study characterizes the habitat use of the southern shoreline using a series of nine, time-synchronized acoustic receivers. Twenty individuals were tagged and continuously tracked using passive acoustic monitoring in the study area from 27 May–26 October 2016. Eleven sawfish were detected by receivers on the southern shoreline, and six individuals used habitats there extensively; these position estimates were sorted into three habitat types: deep (>1 m), shallow (≤1 m), and human-built oyster reefs along the shoreline. In addition, diel movement patterns and swimming speeds were investigated for these six individuals. Collectively, results indicated that sawfish regularly crossed the river at night. Timing of river crossing was not influenced by tidal cycle. All sawfish tended to be detected in shallow water including oyster habitats. One age-1 individual exhibited reduced swimming speeds during the day, and two young-of-the-year individuals were more active at night. These data will support management decisions about this unique nursery and has implications for recovery planning in other remaining nurseries.
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Date Issued: 2018-11-27
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0261
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: BARRIERS TO ADHERENCE OF HOME EXERCISE PROGRAMS IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER PATHOLOGY.
Creator: Uhazie, Ryan, Franz, Emily
Abstract/Description: Introduction: Designing and implementing home exercise programs (HEPs) is an essential component of nearly every physical therapist’s skillset. It promotes independence, expedites functional recovery, and provides the opportunity for patients to attain better outcomes without accumulating additional costs of extra appointment times. The lack of adherence to home exercise programs (HEPs) among patients of outpatient physical therapy practices has been a topic of concern in the medical field....
Show moreIntroduction: Designing and implementing home exercise programs (HEPs) is an essential component of nearly every physical therapist’s skillset. It promotes independence, expedites functional recovery, and provides the opportunity for patients to attain better outcomes without accumulating additional costs of extra appointment times. The lack of adherence to home exercise programs (HEPs) among patients of outpatient physical therapy practices has been a topic of concern in the medical field. Non- adherence attributes to a decrease in patient outcomes and increased costs for medical care. The purpose of this study is to explore barriers to HEP adherence among patients with shoulder pathology by using in-depth one-on-one interviews to gather information regarding this prevalent healthcare issue. Methods: Based on specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight participants were chosen via convenient sampling from four Southwest Florida private outpatient clinics to participate in one-on-one interviews. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed onto Microsoft word, where the data was uploaded into qualitative analysis software for comparison and analysis. Results: Pain was the strongest negative influence of HEP adherence. Pain with activity was a particularly significant determinant for whether patients will adjust, modify, or skip their HEP. Satisfaction with the physical therapist, understanding of HEP instructions, and positive perception of the rehabilitation process were unanimously agreed upon by participants, indicating that these factors are not likely related to a patient’s decision to modify, reduce, or skip their prescribed HEP. Discussion: In general, patients may have been biased in their responses to the interview questions, given that there is likely the expectation that they should be completing their HEP in its entirety. Overall, each subject understood the importance of their HEP and attributed themselves getting better at least partially due to their HEP completion, yet total adherence was only reported from one subject out of eight.
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Date Issued: 2018-03-21
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0238
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Behavioral Change and Phenological Response in Captive Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta): Seasonal Patterns and the Migratory Process.
Creator: Shaw, Amber
Abstract/Description: Understanding vital life history processes is critical to the conservation and management of endangered species, especially in light of changing global climate conditions and the verging unknown impacts this will have on these mechanisms. The goal of this study was to employ direct observation methods on captive loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) to examine behavioral change as a proxy for the reproductive migratory process. Diurnal and nocturnal observations were conducted on two...
Show moreUnderstanding vital life history processes is critical to the conservation and management of endangered species, especially in light of changing global climate conditions and the verging unknown impacts this will have on these mechanisms. The goal of this study was to employ direct observation methods on captive loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) to examine behavioral change as a proxy for the reproductive migratory process. Diurnal and nocturnal observations were conducted on two mature female loggerheads housed at Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Florida, from December 2013 through December 2015. Both turtles displayed a reduced interest in food during the winter season each year, which lasted approximately 11 weeks in 2014 and 14 weeks in 2015, with a five week difference in timing between individuals. This time period corresponded with observed change in activity levels, swim patterns, interactions, and location preferences for both animals. There was a rise in diurnal resting, coinciding with a decrease in diurnal swimming as well as a decrease in interactions with their environment. Activity levels increased at night, with some nights of prolonged heightened swimming episodes. One of the turtles exhibited a swim pattern of fixated, directional movement into the wall at increased frequency during this time frame. Both animals spent the majority of their time in a small section of their habitat proximal to the open sky. Three environmental variables (air temperature, photoperiod, and lunar phase) were tracked during this study to investigate potential zeitgebers in sea turtles. Patterns indicate a possible response to day length and stage of the moon, though these findings are speculative and require further research. Behavioral changes noted here suggest that reproductively mature sea turtles display a form of migratory restlessness in a captive setting, and turtles may utilize a nocturnal swimming strategy during the pre-nesting migration. This study highlights the importance of direct observations when examining behavior and the benefits of using captive animals to help understand processes that are difficult to investigate in the wild.
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Date Issued: 2018-11-28
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0262
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS IN BARIATRIC HEALTH PROMOTION AND WELLNESS.
Creator: Kirk, Paul Brendan
Abstract/Description: Background and Purpose: The prevalence and severity of obesity among the American public is steadily rising. It is well-recognized that increased body mass is a major preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, certain types of cancer, and a variety of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Prevention and treatment therefore focuses on promoting a change in nutritional choices and physical activity. As movement...
Show moreBackground and Purpose: The prevalence and severity of obesity among the American public is steadily rising. It is well-recognized that increased body mass is a major preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, certain types of cancer, and a variety of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Prevention and treatment therefore focuses on promoting a change in nutritional choices and physical activity. As movement specialists and experts in non-invasive health management, physical therapists have a unique opportunity to expand their impact on public wellness by promoting physical activity and exercise, particularly among those affected by elevated body mass and its associated risks. Case Description: The patient was a 28-year old administrative assistant at a health care facility. She expressed interest in receiving consultation to improve her health and learn behaviors that would help her continue to improve her overall wellness beyond the intervention period. Outcomes: After a 22 day intervention period, the subject made improvements in several key areas. Weight decreased by 4 pounds, waist-to-hip ratio decreased from 0.97 to 0.89 (with a drop in waist circumference of 13cm), BMI dropped from 40.4 to 39.5, plank time improved from 11 to 33 seconds, and pectoral flexibility improved by 15o. In addition, the patient showed improvements in self-efficacy, decisional balance, and process of change. Discussion: As specialists of function and movement, physical therapists are in a unique position to offer overweight and obese clients expertise in improving their overall wellness. Customized wellness plans can be developed that maximize the chance of patient success through an understanding of patient motivation and potential barriers to success, especially when taking into account the patient’s psychosocial state of mind. By following closely with patients, plans can be tailored so that the patient can continue to succeed in their wellness goals long after discharge.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Kirk_fgcu_1743_10197
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Benthic community structure and responses to environmental drivers in the Florida Keys.
Creator: Brandt, Ashley Lauren
Abstract/Description: As the frequency and intensity of disturbances threatening coastal ecosystems increase, there is a greater need to determine which factors are actually driving the changes in these environments. This three-year study investigated the possible influences of stressors alongside changes in community ecology of three disparate marine habitats within the Florida Keys. The approach used in this study was purposefully large-scale, involving high-resolution monthly sampling of the benthic community...
Show moreAs the frequency and intensity of disturbances threatening coastal ecosystems increase, there is a greater need to determine which factors are actually driving the changes in these environments. This three-year study investigated the possible influences of stressors alongside changes in community ecology of three disparate marine habitats within the Florida Keys. The approach used in this study was purposefully large-scale, involving high-resolution monthly sampling of the benthic community structure and environmental data in order to capture associated relationships between stressors and benthic taxa. The need for this novel approach has been proposed in the scientific literature, as there has been greater recognition towards the influence of multiple stressors and the possibility of synergistic effects. Specifically within the Florida Keys, declining water quality and recent extreme temperature anomalies have caused changes in the dynamics of these habitats. Results of this study showed the most influential factors appear to be waves, nutrients, and temperatures within the three sites examined in this study. Waves appeared to have a regional effect, being influential at all three sites, while nutrients and temperatures showed local effects, only being influential at some sites. High and low extremes of these factors appeared to drive the dynamics seen in the top taxa present at these sites, consisting mostly of macrophytes, with some relationships being supported by correlations. In addition, effects from other stressors appeared to be important once combined with the influential factors at some sites, showing evidence of synergistic effects. While all possible stressors were not addressed within this study, there is evidence that there is further need to use this ecosystem-scale approach in order to determine any and all effects of multiple stressors. This will allow for better understanding of integrated effects and provide insight into marine management efforts in terms of anthropogenic and natural stressors or local (manageable) or regional (less controllable) influences.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Brandt_fgcu_1743_10191
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING IN THE POST-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF A FEMALE SOCCER PLAYER WITH AN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION AND LEFT LATERAL MENISCUS REPAIR: A CASE REPORT.
Creator: Lafont, Michael
Abstract/Description: Background and Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common in sports, and can severely impair function and quality of life. Restoration of strength to pre-operative levels can have significant impact on return to sport and pre-injury activities. Unfortunately, a number of post-operative resistance and exercise restrictions are placed in order to limit the amount of stress placed on a joint. Since high resistance, or 70-85% of an individual’s 1-repetition...
Show moreBackground and Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common in sports, and can severely impair function and quality of life. Restoration of strength to pre-operative levels can have significant impact on return to sport and pre-injury activities. Unfortunately, a number of post-operative resistance and exercise restrictions are placed in order to limit the amount of stress placed on a joint. Since high resistance, or 70-85% of an individual’s 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), is typically required for muscle training to achieve muscle hypertrophy and increases in muscular strength, restrictions on resistance can slow the strength recovery process. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training facilitates muscle hypertrophy at low resistance levels (as low as 20-30% 1-RM) providing a viable alternative to traditional low-resistance, high repetition activities that are performed post-ACL surgery. The purpose of this case is to examine the viability of BFR training as a treatment modality in the post-operative management and rehabilitation of an ACL reconstruction and meniscus repair in a young, female soccer player. Case Description: The patient is a sixteen-year-old female athlete who tore her ACL and lateral meniscus while playing soccer. Patient participates in numerous activities, therefore functional status from an activity-participation standpoint was greatly impaired. She underwent a left ACL reconstruction along with meniscus repair. This was the patient’s second ACL reconstruction (first was on the right knee). Patient was compliant with all aspects of physical therapy and was consistent in her attendance. Outcomes: Patient demonstrated increases in thigh girth, from 40 cm to 41.5 cm, to 42 cm in the affected lower extremity at 0 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, respectively. Patient also demonstrated improvement in functional strength per decreased quadriceps lag during straight leg raise with the affected lower extremity, and improvement of manual muscle testing strength at 4 weeks (4- out of 5) and at 8 weeks (4+ out of 5). Lastly, patient increased knee flexion range of motion from 85 degrees to 102 degrees to 130 degrees in the affected lower extremity at 0 weeks, at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks, respectively. Patient outcomes were on par with expectations for the injury and all rehabilitation goals were met for the allotted timeline. Given time constraints of this case report, patient was not yet cleared for high-level, sport-specific activities. Discussion: Blood flow restriction training coupled with therapeutic exercise proved to be an effective treatment modality as part of a comprehensive ACL reconstruction and meniscus repair protocol. Patient experienced no setbacks and is expected to make a full recovery and full return to sport within the typical 9 to 12-month recovery time.
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Date Issued: 2018-04-24
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0226
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: CAPACITY FROM LEGAL, MENTAL HEALTH, AND NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVES.
Creator: McCluskey, Joseph Dudley
Abstract/Description: Legal “capacity” is a concept used by lawyers and mental health professionals working in the criminal justice system to either excuse their clients’ actions or mitigate punishment for committing illegal acts. This paper defines legal capacity, identifies its applications within the state and federal criminal justice arenas, and examines the impact mental health professionals and/or neuroscience has had, may have, or hopes to have in the near future on informing the courts precisely about...
Show moreLegal “capacity” is a concept used by lawyers and mental health professionals working in the criminal justice system to either excuse their clients’ actions or mitigate punishment for committing illegal acts. This paper defines legal capacity, identifies its applications within the state and federal criminal justice arenas, and examines the impact mental health professionals and/or neuroscience has had, may have, or hopes to have in the near future on informing the courts precisely about defendants’ legal capacity. Legal capacity, which for terms of this paper is defined as the “ability to form a certain state of mind or motive, understand or evaluate one’s actions, or control them” (Clark v. Arizona, 2006, p. 749, n. 7), is discussed in terms of juveniles, the intellectually disabled, and the insane. In addition to discussing the Constitutional parameters and legal significance of capacity, the paper also discusses the mental health and neuroscience fields’ roles in helping to identify those who possess or lack the requisite legal capacity to commit crimes. The laws pertaining to each of these categories of defendants, i.e., juveniles, intellectually disabled, and, insane, are labyrinths with tangles of individual state and federal statutes and court decisions interpreting those statutes. The mental health and neuroscience research concerning these categories is still in its infancy and the maze of research has not produced a consensus. Moreover, it is unlikely that the states or courts will ever abdicate their responsibilities to decide these issues and leave such decisions to the mental health and neuroscience practitioners.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: McCluskey_fgcu_1743_10121
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Challenging the Testing Protocol of the BOD POD.
Creator: , Griffin, Sierra, , Bengtson, Sarah
Abstract/Description: Introduction: The BOD POD uses air displacement plethysmography to determine an individual’s body composition as percentages of fat mass and fat free mass. Based on ethnicity, it uses either the Siri or Shutte equation to calculate body composition via gas laws and the volume of air and pressure differences exerted within a confined space. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the BOD POD protocol, as set forth by Life Measurement, Inc., needs to be followed in its entirety...
Show moreIntroduction: The BOD POD uses air displacement plethysmography to determine an individual’s body composition as percentages of fat mass and fat free mass. Based on ethnicity, it uses either the Siri or Shutte equation to calculate body composition via gas laws and the volume of air and pressure differences exerted within a confined space. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the BOD POD protocol, as set forth by Life Measurement, Inc., needs to be followed in its entirety to ensure validity of body composition results. Our hypothesis was that breaking the established protocol would not have any statistically significant effects on body composition results. This study examined two components of the BOD POD protocol: urination prior to testing and fluid consumption prior to testing. Methods: 32 soccer athletes as a dividion 1 University participants were asked to follow the established pretesting protocol which included refraining from eating or drinking, as well as not exercising four hours prior to testing. An additional stipulation was added that participants refrain from urinating two hours prior to testing to ensure presence of urine content in the bladder upon testing. Four separate measurements of body composition were taken: the first being pre-urination, the second and third followed standard LMI protocol for BOD POD testing, and the fourth consisted of the participants consuming an amount of water equal to 10% of their body weight in ounces of water prior to this final measurement. Results: A Pearson moment correlation ran between the second condition (post urination) and the third condition (post urination retest) yielded a p value =0.977, signifying a good to excellent relationship between the standard test and the retest conditions. Analyses ran comparing the pre-urination test and the post-urination test/retest yielded a p value = 0.322/0.452 respectively, indicating that not urinating prior to testing had little to no effect on the body composition measurement (test/re-test p values = 0.322/0.452 respectively) Interestingly, the act of consuming water did have a significant effect on the results of the body composition measurements (Male/Female p value = 0.002/0.000 respectively). The study results did not support the need to empty the bladder prior to testing while supporting the need to refrain from water consumption directly prior to testing. Discussion: It is thought that excess fluids in the body will be inappropriately categorized as fat mass when using the BOD POD for body composition measurements. The LMI protocol requires participants to urinate prior to testing in attempts to remove any excess fluids that may skew the results of the fat mass versus fat free mass compositions. All participants in this study acknowledged that they followed the no urination for two hours prior to testing requirement. The major finding of the present study was that breaking protocol for BOD POD testing resulted in a significant difference on body composition measurements. Compared with standard protocol testing, consumption of water provided significantly different results in body composition testing (p = 0.002), meanwhile voiding before testing did not have a significant difference (p = 0.322). This is the first study, to our knowledge, that examined the consumption of water and its effects on body composition as measured by the BOD POD, as well as contents of urine in the bladder. Conclusion: It appears that excess fluid in the body and its effects on body composition using ADP, are dependent on fluid location. This study did not support the need to empty the bladder prior to testing while supporting the need to refrain from water consumption directly prior to testing. Future studies may look to determine how much consumed fluid results in a statistically significant difference between body composition measurements. This can be accomplished by measuring the input output ratio to determine if there is a critical level of fluid that should be avoided, and also if there is a time factor to consider when accounting for the interval between consumption and testing.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Griffin_fgcu_1743_10219
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Characteristics Employers Seek When Hiring New Physical and Occupational Therapy Graduates.
Creator: Zellers, Brittany
Abstract/Description: Purpose: The aim of this study was to collect data regarding the characteristics these employers seek when they are hiring new physical or occupational therapy graduates. This information will serve to educate future students and their respective programs on employer preferences related to the hiring process. Methods: Participants (N=24) included those responsible for hiring physical and occupational therapists at their clinic. The majority of participants (n=20) were responsible for hiring...
Show morePurpose: The aim of this study was to collect data regarding the characteristics these employers seek when they are hiring new physical or occupational therapy graduates. This information will serve to educate future students and their respective programs on employer preferences related to the hiring process. Methods: Participants (N=24) included those responsible for hiring physical and occupational therapists at their clinic. The majority of participants (n=20) were responsible for hiring in Florida. Participants were recruited using the contact information from clinical affiliation sites provided by the Director of Clinical Education of the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Program and Fieldwork Coordinator of the Occupational Therapy (OT) Program. The survey contained 19 items related to hiring characteristics preferences, clinical setting, patient population, and demographics. Participants were given 12 characteristics and were asked to rank and order which characteristics they felt were most important when seeking to hire a new PT or OT graduate. Results: The most important characteristics reported, in order, were: (1) time management skills, (2) strong professional skills, (3) clinical affiliation experience in a specific setting, and (4) completion of relevant continuing education courses. Conclusions: This study provides useful information about what the most important characteristics are that employers seek when hiring new PT and OT graduates; however, it does have some limitations related to sample size, low response rate, and majority of clinical affiliations being located in the Southwest Florida area.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Zellars_fgcu_1743_10185
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Characteristics Employers Seek When Hiring New Physical and Occupational Therapy Graduates.
Abstract/Description: Purpose: The aim of this study was to collect data regarding the characteristics these employers seek when they are hiring new physical or occupational therapy graduates. This information will serve to educate future students and their respective programs on employer preferences related to the hiring process. Methods: Participants (N=24) included those responsible for hiring physical and occupational therapists at their clinic. The majority of participants (n=20) were responsible for hiring...
Show morePurpose: The aim of this study was to collect data regarding the characteristics these employers seek when they are hiring new physical or occupational therapy graduates. This information will serve to educate future students and their respective programs on employer preferences related to the hiring process. Methods: Participants (N=24) included those responsible for hiring physical and occupational therapists at their clinic. The majority of participants (n=20) were responsible for hiring in Florida. Participants were recruited using the contact information from clinical affiliation sites provided by the Director of Clinical Education of the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Program and Fieldwork Coordinator of the Occupational Therapy (OT) Program. The survey contained 19 items related to hiring characteristics preferences, clinical setting, patient population, and demographics. Participants were given 12 characteristics and were asked to rank and order which characteristics they felt were most important when seeking to hire a new PT or OT graduate. Results: The most important characteristics reported, in order, were: (1) time management skills, (2) strong professional skills, (3) clinical affiliation experience in a specific setting, and (4) completion of relevant continuing education courses. Conclusions: This study provides useful information about what the most important characteristics are that employers seek when hiring new PT and OT graduates; however, it does have some limitations related to sample size, low response rate, and majority of clinical affiliations being located in the Southwest Florida area.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Pickens__fgcu_1743_10168
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRIPED MULLET (MUGIL CEPHALUS) IN SOUTHWEST FLORIDA: INFLUENCE OF FISHERS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.
Creator: Marin, Charlotte
Abstract/Description: Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) make up a significant portion of Florida’s commercial fishery, with 80% of the landings coming from Southwest Florida between Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor. The Gill Net Ban of 1995 marked a significant moment in the history of mullet fishing in the state, and its affects on the industry, particularly the shift of gear usage from primarily gill nets to cast and seine nets have not been fully evaluated. Although the program for collecting data onboard larger...
Show moreStriped mullet (Mugil cephalus) make up a significant portion of Florida’s commercial fishery, with 80% of the landings coming from Southwest Florida between Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor. The Gill Net Ban of 1995 marked a significant moment in the history of mullet fishing in the state, and its affects on the industry, particularly the shift of gear usage from primarily gill nets to cast and seine nets have not been fully evaluated. Although the program for collecting data onboard larger offshore vessels has been in place for several decades, little work has been done to collect similar information onboard smaller, inshore vessels. The approach of this study was an attempt to see if it was feasible to collect quality data onboard small commercial vessels fishing in Florida state waters. The goal of this project was to collect relevant data useful for fisheries management, including comprehensive onboard observations for characterizing the spatial and temporal patterns in fishing activities and effort in the mullet fishery. The project collected data to qualitatively and quantitatively describe a typical mullet fishing trip on the southwest coast of Florida (Sarasota Bay and Charlotte Harbor), including effort information and gear types. Catch composition, including target and bycatch species, fish size, and sex were recorded, and the influence of various environmental factors was analyzed. Results indicated that air temperature and catch of Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus and Silver Mullet M. curema were inversely related. Water temperature and M. curema were also inversely correlated. These results reflect the consideration of the more profitable winter mullet roe season by fishers in directing their fishing effort. Total catch and dissolved oxygen concentration were inversely correlated. Striped Mullet are known to undertake surface respiration under conditions of hypoxia encountered during feeding. The relationship between dissolved oxygen and total fish catch may therefore have been shaped by the dominance of M. cephalus (63.5%) in the total catch. More fish were caught during crepuscular hours, suggesting that reduced light may alter swimming behavior or increase net avoidance. In further support of this, M. curema catch was greatest during a new moon. More fish were caught over seagrass, and more M. curema were caught over sand, indicating the importance of habitat type on species distribution. The simultaneous use of cast nets and seine nets was more effective than either net alone and resulted in less bycatch—information that may prove useful in the management of the fishery. Overall results indicate that fishing techniques and behavior had more of an effect on catch rates than variability in environmental conditions.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-21
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0257
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Cheerleading: A Comprehensive Study of Biomechanics, Common Injuries, Prevention and Rehabilitation of Injuries.
Creator: Machuca, Christina Nicole
Abstract/Description: Cheerleading is now a competitive sport that continues to gain popularity all over the world, not just in the United States.1As the sport evolves to include a higher number of participants and more complex routines, incorporating increasingly risky maneuvers, there is potential for a higher incidence of injury in athletes participating in this sport.2 This Independent Study will assist in the development of knowledge in the sport of cheerleading, the biomechanics and proper technique for...
Show moreCheerleading is now a competitive sport that continues to gain popularity all over the world, not just in the United States.1As the sport evolves to include a higher number of participants and more complex routines, incorporating increasingly risky maneuvers, there is potential for a higher incidence of injury in athletes participating in this sport.2 This Independent Study will assist in the development of knowledge in the sport of cheerleading, the biomechanics and proper technique for completing various stunts; common mechanisms of injury and types of injuries that cheerleaders incur; prescribing or implementing resistance training (RT) programs which would increase the cheerleader's preparedness (addressing power, strength, flexibility, and endurance) and reduce the athlete's risk for injury. In addition, appropriate therapeutic exercises for rehabilitation of injured athletes in order to "return to play" as early and as safely as possible are discussed along with how various surfaces affect the probability of incurring a catastrophic injury and to be able to suggest appropriate training/competition surfaces for various types of routines. Because injury prevention begins with an athlete being in adequate physical condition for sport performance, this study will include parameters for a periodized resistance training program designed for a high school competitive cheerleader. Incorporated within the paper will be a case study describing the mechanism of injury of a professional cheerleader as well as risk management techniques to address injury prevention. By conducting a thorough investigation of all of the above topics related to competitive cheerleading and being proactive on educating the cheerleading community, it is hoped that safer conditions for athletes and a reduction of the incidence of injury in this athletic population can be made.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: Machuca_fgcu_1743_10039
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: CIGUATERA IN FLORIDA KEYS PATCH REEFS: BIOGEOGRAPHIC INDICATORS OF GAMBIERDISCUS DENSITY AND TEMPORAL ABUNDANCE (CFP:BIG DATA).
Creator: Hian, Meghan
Abstract/Description: Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a global public health concern that is associated with Gambierdiscus, a genus of harmful algae found in coral reef environments that includes species known to produce toxins (ciguatoxins). Outbreaks of CFP have often been linked to elevated abundance of Gambierdiscus cells and disturbance-related degradation of coral reefs. However, the influence of human activities on CFP risk, both directly and indirectly within the broader context of reef health, has yet...
Show moreCiguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a global public health concern that is associated with Gambierdiscus, a genus of harmful algae found in coral reef environments that includes species known to produce toxins (ciguatoxins). Outbreaks of CFP have often been linked to elevated abundance of Gambierdiscus cells and disturbance-related degradation of coral reefs. However, the influence of human activities on CFP risk, both directly and indirectly within the broader context of reef health, has yet to be defined for highly exploited patch reefs in the Florida Keys. The objectives of this study were to define spatial and temporal patterns in reef health and Gambierdiscus abundance across the three regions (Upper, Middle, Lower), to determine whether the drivers of those patterns were natural or anthropogenic, and to identify biogeographic indicators of risk. To address these objectives, this study combined field sampling with a “big data” approach to spatial analysis. Six patch reefs (two per each of three regions) were selected as study sites from existing research stations. Datasets from long-term monitoring of benthic cover, fish species abundance, land use, and water quality were compiled and analyzed in ArcGIS to characterize the ecological context of each site. Analysis of samples of host macroalgae collected from all study sites biannually revealed that Gambierdiscus cell densities were consistently highest in the Upper Keys and lowest in the Middle Keys, regardless of season. Conversely, reef health was lowest in the Upper Keys and improved along a gradient to the Lower Keys. Multivariate analysis of site similarity indicated that this regional pattern was driven more strongly by grazing than substrate availability. Additionally, there is evidence that human activities have an indirect influence on CFP risk through reef health, as well as through overfishing, and the destruction of inshore habitats like seagrass and mangroves. Due to a strong positive correlation with cell densities, this study suggests that mangrove cover could be useful as a biogeographic indicator of potential CFP risk. Whereas surgeonfish, with a strong negative correlation with cell densities, could indicate the actual flow of toxins into higher trophic levels. The concordance of high regional risk and high population density necessitates continued monitoring of fish in those areas and the development of more comprehensive predictor of potential CFP outbreaks.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-22
Identifier: fgcu_ETD_0258
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Coastal wetland geomorphic and vegetative change: effects of sea-level rise and water management on brackish marshes.
Creator: Andres, Kimberly
Abstract/Description: Fluctuations in sea level throughout the Holocene have driven changes in vegetative communities along Southwest Florida’s coastline. Predicted rates of current sea-level rise (SLR) for this region––indicated at 30cm/ 100y via tide gauge data (Maul and Martin 1993)—vastly exceed rates experienced over the last 5,000 years. Conservation and management of the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) complex and larger Everglades system will thus require a detailed understanding of how local coastal...
Show moreFluctuations in sea level throughout the Holocene have driven changes in vegetative communities along Southwest Florida’s coastline. Predicted rates of current sea-level rise (SLR) for this region––indicated at 30cm/ 100y via tide gauge data (Maul and Martin 1993)—vastly exceed rates experienced over the last 5,000 years. Conservation and management of the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) complex and larger Everglades system will thus require a detailed understanding of how local coastal communities will respond to accelerated SLR, and even more, how regional altered hydrology resulting from extensive freshwater drainage and diversion will alter, and potentially exacerbate, identified changes. This study quantifies the response of Southwest Florida’s coastal environments to accelerated SLR and the impact water management may have on these trends. Key objectives of the research were to identify a mechanism of environmental shifts in relation to accelerated SLR through stratigraphy, and to quantify the evolution in the distribution and aerial coverage of tidal ponds over time in response to SLR via spatial analyses. Thirty-five sediment cores crossing through numerous wetland types and ecotones were extracted along 5 transects parallel to the tidal gradient. Cores were predominantly extracted in pairs––one core within each distinct wetland community, and one within an adjacent tidal pond—at each unique vegetative environment along the five transects. Facies were described based on sedimentologic characteristics’ and their representative paleoenvironments were interpreted. Core analyses clearly indicate a transgressive stratigraphy among all marshes, mangrove communities, and tidal ponds. Wetland community transition has thus followed a clear and predictable pattern over time in response to accelerated regional SLR. Evaluation of three transects, where NAVD88 surface elevations provide vertical calibration of sediment cores, indicates that the onset of wetland facies becomes younger as relative distance from the shore increases. Radiocarbon dates further indicate that long hydroperiod surficial sediment is modern (post-1950), suggesting this facies, and thus the pond environments it represents, has developed on the landscape since the shift from a slow to relatively rapid rate in regional SLR. A greater thickness of the long hydroperiod facies within pond cores, when compared to neighboring marsh cores, is found in 12 of 14 marsh-pond pairs, indicating increased long hydroperiod wetland facies development since submersion and implicating deposition of this facies within the pond environment. On the other hand, relatively reduced thicknesses of peat facies within tidal pond cores among marsh-pond pairs imply marsh surface degradation occurred from the top down as tidal ponds developed. Qualitative assessment indicates that Spartina bakeri-dominated marshes are disparately impacted relative to other marsh types; the relative abundance of S. bakeri on the landscape and the potential for the shrinkage and oxidation of its well-developed peat during drying events are probable reasons for this degradation. ESRI, Inc. ArcGIS software was utilized to quantify the surface area and distribution of tidal ponds within 10 sites spanning the study region over time via analysis of aerial imagery from 1953 and 2009. Tidal pond initiation, growth, merger, and subsequent mangrove encroachment into pond-dense marshes were identified through both qualitative and quantitative analyses of aerial imagery. Although a transgressive stratigraphy was nearly universal, GIS analyses indicate hydrologically altered western sites are experiencing greater growth in the number of ponds, a higher increase in mean pond area, and a comparatively larger influence of, though lower overall percent loss due to, mangrove envelopment over time compared to eastern sites. Furthermore, although pond density significantly increased at each site over time (p = 0.0038), this increase occurred at a higher rate at sites closest to the Faka Union Canal. Even more, the rate of increase in pond density moving closer to the canal was higher at western sites (p = 0.0355). All else being equal, these data signify that ecosystem changes resulting from hydrologic alteration west of the canal have impacted the growth in pond number and area since its construction. GIS data have been compiled and included as supplemental materials (Appendix B). Globally and regionally, SLR is expected to continue at an accelerated rate into the foreseeable future (IPCC 2014). Future land management plans must account for the expected submergence of inland marsh ecosystems ensuing from landscape-wide changes driven by accelerated SLR. Continued restoration of freshwater sheet flow through the removal of canals and roads is necessary for slowing the transition of graminoid marshes to either mangrove or pond environments. Without such action, a complete loss of these biologically diverse marsh ecosystems as mangrove forests encroach and marsh surfaces submerge is probable in the short term.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Andres_fgcu_1743_10189
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THREE COLLEGE PREPARATORY EXAMINATIONS AND THE USE OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING FOR SETTLING TEACHER CONTRACTS.
Creator: Keegan, Patrick James
Abstract/Description: I examined the possible correlation between collective bargaining and student achievement as measured by college entrance exams. Twenty-four public school districts were included in the study. The districts were categorically grouped based on whether collective bargaining practice was used to settle teacher employment contracts. Three research questions were identified and explored. The first question examined the possible correlation between the SAT Mathematics subtest score and collective...
Show moreI examined the possible correlation between collective bargaining and student achievement as measured by college entrance exams. Twenty-four public school districts were included in the study. The districts were categorically grouped based on whether collective bargaining practice was used to settle teacher employment contracts. Three research questions were identified and explored. The first question examined the possible correlation between the SAT Mathematics subtest score and collective bargaining. The second research question examined the possible correlation between the SAT Verbal subtest score and collective bargaining. The third research question examined the possible correlation between the ACT Composite Score and collective bargaining. Three levels of analysis were conducted. The first level included a weighted t-test of the collective bargaining and non-collective bargaining districts for each of the three tests. The secondary level of analysis included a Multivariate Analysis of Variance to determine if the three sets of testing data had internal correlation. The third level of analysis included nine individual Analyses of Covariance, testing the three exams, categorically by use of collective bargaining, against racial composition of district, free and reduced lunch rate of the district, and per pupil funding rate of the district, respectively. Differences were found among the groups, with the districts that used collective bargaining scoring higher on both SAT subtests, but noncollective bargaining groups scoring higher on the ACT Composite. None of these differences was statistically significant, however.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: Keegan_fgcu_1743_10213
Format: Document (PDF)

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